Sensitivity Analysis and Minimal Measurement Geometry for the Target-Based Calibration of High-End Panoramic Terrestrial Laser Scanners

Medić, Tomislav; Kuhlmann, Heiner; Holst, Christoph

doi:10.3390/rs11131519

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As solving the optimization problem requires having one definite stochastic model, we focus on the combination of the particular instrument type (Leica ScanStation P-series) and the particular settings, target design, and target center estimation algorithm (more in Section 3.2.1). The empirical values for the latter stochastic model are directly adopted from [20]. A previous study [37] revealed that the corresponding standard deviations σ r[mm] , σ ϕ[ ] , and σ θ[ ] depend on the scanner-to-target distance within the investigated ranges from 1 to 100 meters.…”

Section: Stochastic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study [37] revealed that the corresponding standard deviations σ r[mm] , σ ϕ[ ] , and σ θ[ ] depend on the scanner-to-target distance within the investigated ranges from 1 to 100 meters. Hence, for the simulation purposes (Section 3.1), the covariance matrix of observations (Σ) is generated as a diagonal matrix, where the uncertainty of each observation is derived by sampling the empirical values from [20], respecting the scanner-to-target distances.…”

Section: Stochastic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, we obtain the design solution based on simulations, using the least computationally expensive heuristic method, the man-made trial and error analysis. The number of possible solutions is reduced based on the results from [20].…”

Section: Optimization Of Geodetic Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To design the calibration field, we use the empirically derived values for Leica ScanStation P-series [20]. In this concrete case, the mean expected angular uncertainty (σ ϕ [ ] , σ θ [ ] ) equals approximately 0.5".…”

Section: Precision Of Cpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such sensitive measurement geometry can only be achieved by an adequate distribution of reference objects in the instrument's field-of-view and an adequate distribution and number of measurements. Several works addressed this problem, outlining the measurement geometry characteristics necessary for successful comprehensive target-based calibration [8,18,20]. However, for the remaining calibration approaches, similar guidelines are still missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing and Evaluating a User-Oriented Calibration Field for the Target-Based Self-Calibration of Panoramic Terrestrial Laser Scanners

2019

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Calibration of terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) is one of the fundamental tasks for assuring the high measurement accuracy required by an increasing number of end-users. Nevertheless, the development of user-oriented calibration approaches is still an active topic of research. The calibration fields for the target-based self-calibration of TLSs described in the literature are based on the quasi-random distribution of a high number of targets, and they rely on heavy redundancy. This redundancy assures highly accurate calibration results, however, with the price of reduced efficiency. In contrast, this work follows the design, implementation, and validation of a user-oriented, cost-efficient calibration field intended for TLS calibration prior to measurement campaigns. Multiple goals and constraints are placed upon the design of the calibration field, such as comprehensive calibration for high-end panoramic TLSs considering all relevant mechanical misalignments, delivering stable and reusable calibration parameters, increasing calibration efficiency by minimizing calibration-field assembly, measurement acquisition and processing time through reducing the number of targets and scanner stations, as well as estimating calibration parameters with predefined quality criteria. The calibration field design was derived through a series of simulation experiments and it was compared with the current state of the art. The simulations indicate comparable calibration results, with eight times smaller number of targets (14 instead of 120). The implemented calibration field was tested on a range of instruments, successfully improving the measurement quality, both in situ and in the subsequent applications.

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Section: Stochastic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stochastic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimization Of Geodetic Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Precision Of Cpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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