Sensitivity analysis of a viscoelastic parameterization for gravity wave dispersion in ice covered seas

Li, Jingkai; Mondal, Sumona; Shen, Hayley H.

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.09.009

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Possibly, these attenuation rates estimated from the ratio of wave heights at two measurement locations are the result of a variable attenuation along the propagation. They may also have been contaminated by local wind‐generated waves (Li et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floe Size Effect on Wave‐Ice Interactions: Possible Effects, Implementation in Wave Model, and Evaluation

et al. 2018

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Wind waves may play an important role in the evolution of sea ice. That role is largely determined by how fast the ice layer dissipates the wave energy. The transition from a continuous layer of ice to a series of broken floes is expected to have a strong impact on the several attenuation processes. Here we explore the possible effects of basal friction, scattering, and dissipation within the ice layer. The ice is treated as a single layer that can be fractured in many floes. Dissipation associated with ice flexure is evaluated using an anelastic linear dissipation and a cubic inelastic viscous dissipation. Tests aiming to reproduce a Marginal Ice Zone are used to discuss the effects of each process separately. Attenuation is exponential for friction and scattering. Scattering produces an increase in the wave height near the ice edge and broadens the wave directional spectrum, especially for short-period waves. The nonlinear inelastic dissipation is larger for larger wave heights as long as the ice is not broken. These effects are combined in a realistic simulation of an ice break-up event observed south of Svalbard in 2010. The recorded rapid shift from a strong attenuation to little attenuation when the ice is broken is only reproduced when using a nonlinear dissipation that vanishes when the ice is broken. A preliminary pan-Arctic test of these different parameterizations suggests that inelastic dissipation alone is not enough and requires its combination with basal friction. Key Points:• A spectral wave model with effects of sea ice floe size is presented • Ice breakup is combined with three attenuations processes • Model wave heights for a break-up event reproduce observations in Svalbard apply to wide fields of pancakes that are found in the freezing season and but should rather be representative of waves interacting with solid ice pack. In these conditions, our goal is to explore plausible regimes of wave attenuation in the MIZ, given certain assumptions about wave-ice interaction processes.The different mechanisms that have been proposed to explain wave attenuation in the ice can be represented by source terms in the wave action equation describing the evolution of the wave field (Masson & LeBlond, 1989). The relative importance of the different mechanisms is still unknown in conditions encountered in the natural environment (Squire, 2007). Robin (1963) measured wave attenuation in the Weddel Sea but did not conclude on its possible source, mentioning anelastic dissipation (hysteresis) and basal friction as possible explanations. Wadhams (1973) hypothesized that wave could be dissipated by secondary creep, namely, the inelastic dissipation of waves due to the ice flexure, with a strain rate proportional to the cube of the stress, following the flow law used by Glen (1955) for very slow glacier motions. The work done during and after MIZEX emphasized scattering, that is, multiple reflections of waves by floes, as the dominant source of wave attenuation (Kohout & Meylan, 2008;Kohout et al., 2014;Montiel et...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floe Size Effect on Wave‐Ice Interactions: Possible Effects, Implementation in Wave Model, and Evaluation

et al. 2018

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“…Collins et al (2017a) explore the changes in the wave dispersion relation from various physical models, and Mosig et al (2015) compare several viscoelastic models. Li et al (2015a) explore the sensitivities of a particular viscoelastic model.…”

Section: 1002/2018jc013766mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the Arctic Sea State and Boundary Layer Physics Program

Ackley²,

et al. 2018

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A large collaborative program has studied the coupled air‐ice‐ocean‐wave processes occurring in the Arctic during the autumn ice advance. The program included a field campaign in the western Arctic during the autumn of 2015, with in situ data collection and both aerial and satellite remote sensing. Many of the analyses have focused on using and improving forecast models. Summarizing and synthesizing the results from a series of separate papers, the overall view is of an Arctic shifting to a more seasonal system. The dramatic increase in open water extent and duration in the autumn means that large surface waves and significant surface heat fluxes are now common. When refreezing finally does occur, it is a highly variable process in space and time. Wind and wave events drive episodic advances and retreats of the ice edge, with associated variations in sea ice formation types (e.g., pancakes, nilas). This variability becomes imprinted on the winter ice cover, which in turn affects the melt season the following year.

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“…2a), the viscosity is unknown. We compare our observations against two different viscoelastic models, the first is that of Squire and Allan (1977), simplified to a Voigt model (Li et al, 2015;Sree et al, 2018). The lower bound value of the ice viscosity is used here, µ i ∈ [10 8 , 10 9…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave dispersion and dissipation in landfast ice: comparison of observations against models

Voermans

Liu

Marchenko³

et al. 2021

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. Observations of wave dissipation and dispersion in sea ice are a necessity for the development and validation of wave–ice interaction models. As the composition of the ice layer can be extremely complex, most models treat the ice layer as a continuum with effective, rather than independently measurable, properties. While this provides opportunities to fit the model to observations, it also obscures our understanding of the wave–ice interactive processes; in particular, it hinders our ability to identify under which environmental conditions these processes are of significance. Here, we aimed to reduce the number of free variables available by studying wave dissipation in landfast ice. That is, in continuous sea ice, such as landfast ice, the effective properties of the continuum ice layer should revert to the material properties of the ice. We present observations of wave dispersion and dissipation from a field experiment on landfast ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. Independent laboratory measurements were performed on sea ice cores from a neighboring fjord in the Arctic to estimate the ice viscosity. Results show that the dispersion of waves in landfast ice is well described by theory of a thin elastic plate, and such observations could provide an estimate of the elastic modulus of the ice. Observations of wave dissipation in landfast ice are about an order of magnitude larger than in ice floes and broken ice. Comparison of our observations against models suggests that wave dissipation is attributed to the viscous dissipation within the ice layer for short waves only, whereas turbulence generated through the interactions between the ice and waves is the most likely process for the dissipation of wave energy for long periods. The separation between short and long waves in this context is expected to be determined by the ice thickness through its influence on the lengthening of short waves. Through the comparison of the estimated wave attenuation rates with distance from the landfast ice edge, our results suggest that the attenuation of long waves is weaker in comparison to short waves, but their dependence on wave energy is stronger. Further studies are required to measure the spatial variability of wave attenuation and measure turbulence underneath the ice independently of observations of wave attenuation to confirm our interpretation of the results.

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Sensitivity analysis of a viscoelastic parameterization for gravity wave dispersion in ice covered seas

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Floe Size Effect on Wave‐Ice Interactions: Possible Effects, Implementation in Wave Model, and Evaluation

Floe Size Effect on Wave‐Ice Interactions: Possible Effects, Implementation in Wave Model, and Evaluation

Overview of the Arctic Sea State and Boundary Layer Physics Program

Wave dispersion and dissipation in landfast ice: comparison of observations against models

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