Sensitivity analysis of muscle properties and impact parameters on head injury risk in American football

Mortensen, Jonathan D.; Vasavada, Anita N.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109411

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Researchers have suggested that positioning the head toward the direction of an impending impact and tensing the neck muscles are effective techniques to decrease the linear and angular velocity of the head following an impact. 16 , 38 , 42 However, the significance of this effect has only generally been shown in low-severity impacts and the scalability of these results to concussive-level impacts is still unclear. 26 In addition to physical preparations before a perturbation, awareness of the perturbation may produce anticipation and affect a subject’s kinematics response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings

2021

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and whiplash-associated disorder are the most common head and neck injuries and result from a sudden head or body acceleration. The head and neck injury potential is correlated with the awareness, level of muscle activation, and posture changes at the time of the perturbation. Environmental acoustic stimuli or a warning system can influence muscle activation and posture during a head perturbation. In this study, different acoustic stimuli, including Non-Directional, Directional, and Startle, were provided 1000 ms before a head impact, and the amplitude and timing of cervical muscle electromyographic (EMG) data were characterized based on the type of warning. The startle warning resulted in 49% faster and 80% greater EMG amplitude compared to the Directional and Non-Directional warnings after warning and before the impact. The post-impact peak EMG amplitudes in Unwarned trials were lower by 18 and 21% in the retraction and rebound muscle groups, respectively, compared to any of the warned conditions. When there was no warning before the impact, the retraction and rebound muscle groups also reached their maximum activation 38 and 54 ms sooner, respectively, compared to the warned trials. Based on these results, the intensity and complexity of information that a warning sound carries change the muscle response before and after a head impact and has implications for injury potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings

2021

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“…24,25 One further potential consequence of less developed neck muscles in women is the higher risk of neurological symptoms and concussion in bubble-soccer and other sports. 26 Thus, the higher injury incidence of women in this tournament may be due to the participation of mixed teams, in which male players with a higher body weight bump into shorter female players with a lower body weight. Therefore, one important strategy to decrease the injury rate of women in bubble-soccer is the avoidance of mixed teams.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

<p>Injury Profile and Sex-Specific Differences in Bubble-Soccer – A First Scientific Survey of a Dangerous New Sports Trend</p>

Krutsch

Clement²,

Heising³

et al. 2020

OAJSM

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Small-field soccer is a popular type of amateur sports worldwide. One type of small-field soccer growing in popularity is bubble-soccer, but injury risks and injury patterns are still unclear. This study investigates the factors influencing injuries in bubble-soccer for the first time. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study of an outdoor tournament investigated the injury incidence and injury patterns as well as the factors influencing injuries in bubble-soccer matches. Data were collected according to the statement on data collection and injury definition. Preparation and physical outcome were assessed for both sexes. Results: Of 145 players (104 men, 41 women), 58 players sustained 94 injuries during the tournament and 64% of injuries affected the lower extremities. The most common traumatic injuries were skin lesions (37.5%), acute pain (15.6%) and contusion (7.8%). More female players (3818.2/1000 h bubble-soccer) than male players (1474.4) were affected by injury, mostly to the knees or the head. Also, women significantly more often reported neck pain than men (p<0.042); 29.0% of players felt uncomfortable wearing the bubble, and 21.4% reported neurological symptoms such as headache or dizziness after the match. Conclusion: Bubble-soccer shows a relatively high injury incidence. Women had a higher injury incidence and were more often affected by traumatic injuries to the head and neck including feeling of discomfort and headache or neck pain after the match. Adequate preparation seems to be essential for injury prevention, and players should recognise the high injury risk of bubble-soccer.

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“…neck and relative torso angles, loading condition) on neck loading with more extensive multibody models. For this reason, it was assumed that a point load would be a reasonable representation for the short durations simulated (50 ms) as has been done in previous musculoskeletal studies 40,57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperflexion is unlikely to be the primary cervical spine injury mechanism in accidental head-on rugby tackling

Silvestros

Preatoni

Gill

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In Rugby a high proportion of catastrophic cervical spine injuries occur during tackling. In the injury prevention literature, there is still an open debate on the injury mechanisms related to such injuries, with hyperflexion and buckling being under scrutiny. The aims of this study were to determine the primary cervical spine injury mechanism during head-on rugby tackling, and evaluate the effect of tackling technique on cervical spine intervertebral loading. We conducted an in silico study to examine the dynamic response of the cervical spine under loading conditions representative of accidental head-on rugby tackles by using a subject-specific musculoskeletal model of a rugby player. The computer simulations were driven by experimental in vivo data of an academy rugby player tackling a punchbag, and in vitro data of head-first impacts using a dummy head. Results showed that: i) the earlier generation of high compression and anterior shear loads with low values of flexion moments provides evidence that hyperflexion is unlikely to be the primary injury mechanism in the sub-axial cervical spine (C3-C7) during central and posterior head impact locations; ii) a higher degree of neck flexion at impact poses the cervical spine in a more hazardous position. These findings provide objective evidence to inform injury prevention strategies or rugby law changes, with the final view of improving the safety of the game of rugby.

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Sensitivity analysis of muscle properties and impact parameters on head injury risk in American football

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings

Cervical Muscle Activation Due to an Applied Force in Response to Different Types of Acoustic Warnings

<p>Injury Profile and Sex-Specific Differences in Bubble-Soccer – A First Scientific Survey of a Dangerous New Sports Trend</p>

Hyperflexion is unlikely to be the primary cervical spine injury mechanism in accidental head-on rugby tackling

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