Sensitivity Analysis of the Interfrequency Correlation of Synthetic Ground Motions to Pseudodynamic Source Models

Song, Seok Goo; Causse, Mathieu; Bayless, Jeff

doi:10.1785/0220200181

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We focus on the evaluation component of validation because the parameters or techniques which drive the inter-frequency correlations are not well understood in simulations like CyberShake NZ v20.11. One promising pilot study investigated the effect of pseudo dynamic source models on inter-frequency correlations and found that cross-correlation between source parameters (slip, rupture velocity, and peak slip velocity) affects the inter-frequency correlation around 0.5 Hz [3]. Additional similar studies are needed to identify the causal features of the inter-frequency correlation in simulations, and these should identify techniques for future calibrations and validations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a step in the right direction, Song et al [3] investigated the effect of pseudo-dynamic source models on the inter-frequency correlation of ground-motions by simulating the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, using the SCEC BBP. The authors found that the cross correlation between earthquake source parameters (slip, rupture velocity, and peak slip velocity) in the pseudo-dynamic source models significantly affected the inter-frequency correlation of ground-motions in the frequency around 0.5 Hz, whereas this effect was not visible in the other frequency ranges.…”

Section: Calibration Of Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors found that the cross correlation between earthquake source parameters (slip, rupture velocity, and peak slip velocity) in the pseudo-dynamic source models significantly affected the inter-frequency correlation of ground-motions in the frequency around 0.5 Hz, whereas this effect was not visible in the other frequency ranges. Additional studies like [3] are needed to identify the causal features of the inter-frequency correlation in simulations, and these should identify techniques for future calibrations and comprehensive validations.…”

Section: Calibration Of Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The between-event residual correlations, physically related to source effects (e.g., stress drop) which drive ground motions over a broad frequency range, are low at frequencies greater than about 0.25 Hz. Modifications to the crosscorrelation between source parameters in the kinematic rupture generator can improve the inter-frequency correlations in this range [3]. The between-site residual correlations, which represents the correlation between frequencies of the systematic site amplification deviations, are larger (statistically significant at 95% confidence level) than the empirical model for frequencies less than about 0.5 Hz.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Inter-frequency Correlation of New Zealand CyberShake Crustal Earthquake Simulations

Bayless,

Condon

2023

BNZSEE

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The inter-frequency correlation of ground-motion residuals is related to the width of peaks and troughs in the ground-motion spectra (either response spectra or Fourier amplitude spectra; FAS) and is therefore an essential component of ground-motion simulations for representing the variability of structural response. As such, this component of the simulations requires evaluation and validation when the intended application is seismic fragility and seismic risk. This article evaluates the CyberShake NZ [1] crustal earthquake ground-motion simulations for their inter-frequency correlation, including comparisons with an empirical model developed from a global catalogue of shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions, and with results from similar simulations (SCEC CyberShake; [2]). Compared with the empirical model, the CyberShake NZ simulations have a satisfactory level of total inter-frequency correlation between the frequencies 0.1 – 0.25 Hz. At frequencies above 0.25 Hz, the simulations have lower (statistically significant at 95% confidence level) total inter-frequency correlation than the empirical model and therefore require calibration. To calibrate the total correlation, it is useful to focus on the correlation of the residual components. The between-event residual correlations, physically related to source effects (e.g., stress drop) which drive ground motions over a broad frequency range, are low at frequencies greater than about 0.25 Hz. Modifications to the cross-correlation between source parameters in the kinematic rupture generator can improve the inter-frequency correlations in this range [3]. The between-site residual correlations, which represents the correlation between frequencies of the systematic site amplification deviations, are larger (statistically significant at 95% confidence level) than the empirical model for frequencies less than about 0.5 Hz. We postulate that this relates to the relative simplicity of site amplification methods in the simulations, which feature less variability than the amplification observed in the data. Additional insight would be gained from future evaluations accounting for repeatable path and basin effects, using simulations with refined or alternative seismic velocity models, and using simulations with a higher crossover frequency to deterministic methods (e.g., 1 Hz or higher).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calibration Of Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calibration Of Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Inter-frequency Correlation of New Zealand CyberShake Crustal Earthquake Simulations

Bayless,

Condon

2023

BNZSEE

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“…The subsequent evaluations of 3D SCEC CyberShake (Los Angeles, California) and QuakeCore CyberShake (New Zealand) simulations by Bayless and Abrahamson showed substantial improvements in the inter-period FAS correlations at long periods relative to the one-dimensional (1D) BBP simulations (unpublished findings from SCEC and QuakeCore projects, obtained from personal communications with Bayless, 2022). Later, Song et al (2021) investigated the effects of pseudo-dynamic source models on the inter-period correlation of ground motions by simulating the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, using the BBP. They found that the cross-correlation between earthquake source parameters in the pseudo-dynamic source models significantly affects inter-frequency ground motion correlations for frequencies around 0.5 Hz, whereas the effect is not apparent at lower and higher frequencies.…”

Section: Validation Examples and Research Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Findings from a decade of ground motion simulation validation research and a path forward

Rezaeian,

Stewart,

Luco

et al. 2023

Earthquake Spectra

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Simulated ground motions have the potential to advance seismic hazard assessments and structural response analyses, particularly for conditions with limited recorded ground motions such as large magnitude earthquakes at short source-to-site distances. However, rigorous validation of simulated ground motions is needed for hazard analysts, practicing engineers, or regulatory bodies to be confident in their use. A decade ago, validation exercises were mainly limited to comparisons of simulated-to-observed waveforms and median values of spectral accelerations for selected earthquakes. The Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Ground Motion Simulation Validation (GMSV) group was formed to increase coordination between simulation modelers and research engineers with the aim of devising and applying more effective methods for simulation validation. Here, we summarize what has been learned in over a decade of GMSV activities, principally reflecting the views of the SCEC research community but also extending our findings and suggestions for a path forward to broader United States and worldwide simulation validation efforts. We categorize different validation methods according to their approach and the metrics considered. Two general approaches are to compare validation metrics from simulations to those from historical records or to those from semi-empirical models. Validation metrics are categorized into ground motion characteristics and structural responses. We discuss example validation studies that have been impactful in the past decade and suggest future research directions. Key lessons learned are that validation is application-specific, our outreach and dissemination need improvement, and much validation-related research remains unexplored.

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Pseudo-dynamic earthquake source modeling, current status and prospect

Song¹,

Park²

2022

jgsk

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Sensitivity Analysis of the Interfrequency Correlation of Synthetic Ground Motions to Pseudodynamic Source Models

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluation of the Inter-frequency Correlation of New Zealand CyberShake Crustal Earthquake Simulations

Evaluation of the Inter-frequency Correlation of New Zealand CyberShake Crustal Earthquake Simulations

Findings from a decade of ground motion simulation validation research and a path forward

Pseudo-dynamic earthquake source modeling, current status and prospect

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