“…Many efforts and advances within the field of MOO for risk, reliability, and costs have been performed, in several application areas as for instance presented in Rocchetta et al 9 and Martorell et al 10 However, within the aircraft design, no general framework has been found regarding how to handle trade-offs between safety, reliability, and other performance parameters in early design phases. An attempt at finding a general approach capable in practice of investigating trade-offs and achieving several targets such as low costs, high reliability, low accident risks, and low weight is shown in Johansson et al 11 This approach combines the classical techniques for system safety and reliability analysis with optimization methods, using a staged process. However, more adjustments are required on this basic concept as well as demonstration on how to use it in practice to select optimal solutions and to aid the decision-maker (DM).…”