Sensitivity and Recovery of Tomato Cultivars Following Simulated Drift of Dicamba or 2,4-D

Warmund, Michele R.; Ellersieck, Mark R.; Smeda, Reid J.

doi:10.3390/agriculture12091489

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Tomatoes are susceptible to herbicide drift. This susceptibility is superior for particularly to certain modes of action such as auxinic herbicides [4]. According to Xu et al [17], synthetic auxin herbicides cause similar symptoms characterized by changes in plant growth, even in small amounts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results obtained in this study are consistent with those found by Meyers et al [21], where dicamba drift negatively affected tomato plants and compromised fruit productivity. In addition, Warmund et al [4] reported that tomato cultivars treated with herbicide 2,4-D and dicamba can produce less total and marketable yield than their respective non-treated control. For most cultivars studied, dicamba-treated plants had less marketable yield than 2,4-D-treated plants in the greenhouse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the recent decline, Hortifruti Brasil anticipates a recovery in 2022 compared to 2021, with a 9.7% increase in the planted area and 21.3% growth in the industry. This growth is driven by a shortage of pulp stocks at the start of the year [4]. The competition for cultivation areas between the tomato and grain sector implies that these crops are often grown in proximity to each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical Knowledge of Injuries Caused by Simulated Herbicide Drift in Young Tomato Plants

et al. 2023

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Tomatoes are often grown in proximity to other crops such as grain, which can increase their susceptibility to herbicide drift and subsequent crop. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of simulated herbicide drift on tomato plants. Treatments were established in a 10 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme using a completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor consisted of ten herbicides, while the second was composed by three subdoses (1/4, 1/16, and 1/32) along with an additional treatment without herbicide application. The herbicides 2,4-D, dicamba, glyphosate, saflufenacil, oxyfluorfen, and isoxaflutole caused injury levels greater than 20% or reductions in plant biomass greater than 30% at the lowest subdose. Increasing the subdose resulted in a corresponding increase in injury level and a reduction in biomass. Tomato exposed to hexazinone, diuron, nicosulfuron, and diquat at a subdose of 1/64 exhibited low injury levels and biomass reductions. However, at other subdoses, these herbicides caused significant plant damage. Among the herbicides tested, the auxinic herbicides, particularly dicamba, presented a higher risk for the tomato crop. The documentation and description of the visual symptoms caused by each herbicide applied to tomatoes will aid producers to identify drift problems in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical Knowledge of Injuries Caused by Simulated Herbicide Drift in Young Tomato Plants

et al. 2023

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“…Tomato is one of a variety of crops known to be particularly sensitive to herbicides (Warmund et al, 2022;Cederlund, 2017;Lovelace et al, 2009;Fagliari et al, 2005), and glyphosate-based herbicides are labeled to indicate that the products should not be used on or near tomatoes (Goldy, 2016). Such labelling, however, is ineffective for horticultural producers if the route of exposure is fertilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed-feces-fertilizer: Greenhouse study and interviews with fertilizer producers indicate persistence and negative effect of glyphosate residue in manure-based fertilizers

Birge,

Saloniemi,

Saikkonen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: The herbicide glyphosate is the most widely used active ingredient in pesticides globally. Residues have been found in people, livestock, food and animal feed, and in the environment, but little is known about glyphosate residue in manure-based fertilizer. “Feed-feces-fertilizer” describes how manure fertilizer can be contaminated with glyphosate. This exposure can harm sensitive plants, such as tomato, and pose a risk to effective waste disposal and nutrient cycling along principles of the circular economy. We review the use and history and present a mixed methods research based on a real-world case from Finland where glyphosate residue in poultry manure fertilizer was suspected of inhibiting commercial organic tomato production. To test the fertilizer, we grew 72 ‘Encore’ variety tomatoes for 14 weeks using the same commercial greenhouse methods. To ascertain awareness and potential contamination mitigation measures, we also contacted five fertilizer companies with sales of biogenic fertilizer in Finland, representatives of two farming organizations, and two government organizations working on nutrient cycling and agricultural circular economy. RESULTS: The total harvest of tomatoes grown with fertilizer with glyphosate residue was 35% smaller and the yield of first-class tomatoes 37% lower than that of the control. Two of the five fertilizer companies identified poultry manure as a source of glyphosate contamination. Companies with awareness of pesticide residues reported interest in establishing parameters for pesticide residues. CONCLUSIONS: The extent of glyphosate contamination of recycled fertilizers is unknown, but this study shows that such contamination occurs with negative impacts on crop production. The example from Finland shows that a model of co-production between fertilizer producers and state regulatory agencies to establish safe limits can benefit both fertilizer producers and their customers.

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“…Dicamba at 1.4 (1/400 of soybean maximum use rate) to 11.2 g ae ha -1 delayed bell pepper maturity, with fruit yield decreasing 59% to 82% at the first harvest, but did not affect the cumulated yield (Mohseni-Moghadam and Doohan 2015). If previous studies have investigated the effects of simulated dicamba drift rate on pepper and tomatoes (Baurle et al 2017;Dittmar et al 2016;Knezevic et al, 2018;Kruger et al 2012;Mohseni-Moghadam and Doohan 2015;Warmund et al 2022), no prior research work has been conducted on eggplant. For leguminous vegetable crops, Colquhoun et al (2014) reported that dicamba at 1.4 g ae ha -1 on snap bean caused 43% injury 4 WAT and 81% total yield reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of growth stage and dicamba rate on eggplant, cucumber, and snap bean tolerance and yield response

et al. 2022

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Following the introduction of dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean in 2017, concerns regarding dicamba off-target movement (OTM) onto sensitive crops, including vegetables, has increased. Field trials were conducted in New Jersey, New York, and Delaware to evaluate cucumber (‘Python’), eggplant (‘Santana’), and snap bean (‘Caprice’ and ‘Huntington’) injury and yield response to simulated dicamba drift rates. Crops were exposed to dicamba applied at 0, 0.056, 0.11, 0.56, 1.12, 2.24 g ae ha-1, representing 0, 1/10,000, 1/5,000, 1/1,000, 1/500, and 1/250 of the maximum soybean recommended label rate (560 g ae ha-1), respectively. Dicamba was applied either at the early vegetative (V2) or early reproductive (R1) stages. Minimal to no injury, vine growth reduction or yield loss was noted for cucumber. Dicamba was more injurious to eggplant with up to 22% to 35% injury 2 WAT at rate ≥ 1.12 g ae ha-1; however, only the highest dicamba rate caused 27% reduction of the commercial yield compared to the nontreated control. Eggplant also showed greater sensitivity when dicamba exposure occurred at the R1 than at theV2 stage. Snap bean was the most sensitive crop investigated in this study. Injury 2 WAT was greater for Caprice with dicamba ≥ 0.56 g ae ha-1 applied at V2 compared to R1 stage, whereas similar difference occurred as low as 0.056 g ae ha-1 for Huntington. Compared to the nontreated control, reduction in plant height and biomass accumulation occurred for both cultivars at dicamba rate ≥ 0.56 g ae ha-1. Dicamba applied at 1.12 g ae ha-1 or greater resulted in 30% yield loss for Caprice whereas Huntington yield dropped 52% to 93% with dicamba ≥ 0.56 g ae ha-1. Caprice bean yield was not influenced by dicamba timing of application. Conversely, Huntington bean yield decreased by 8% following application at R1 compared to V2 stage.

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Sensitivity and Recovery of Tomato Cultivars Following Simulated Drift of Dicamba or 2,4-D

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Practical Knowledge of Injuries Caused by Simulated Herbicide Drift in Young Tomato Plants

Practical Knowledge of Injuries Caused by Simulated Herbicide Drift in Young Tomato Plants

Feed-feces-fertilizer: Greenhouse study and interviews with fertilizer producers indicate persistence and negative effect of glyphosate residue in manure-based fertilizers

Influence of growth stage and dicamba rate on eggplant, cucumber, and snap bean tolerance and yield response

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