Sensitivity and stability of an air-core fibre-optic gyroscope

Digonnet, Michel J. F.; Blin, S.; Kim, Hyang Kyun; Dangui, Vinayak; Kino, G. S.

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/18/10/s07

Cited by 55 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Photonic-bandgap fibers (PBFs) have been intensively studied in the past decade, and they have found numerous potential applications [1,2]. For most applications, it is critical to be able to splice a PBF to a single-mode fiber (SMF) with low loss, if only because most basic fiber components, particularly couplers, are made with SMF.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Measured and theoretical losses fall within ∼0:12 dB of each other. This small difference might originate from (1) a slight difference in index profile between the actual and modeled fiber, (2) coupling to higher-order modes, and/or (3) a small deformation of the PBF. It should also be noted that the experimental error for the splice loss measurement is typically less than 0:1 dB.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimization of the splice loss between photonic-bandgap fibers and conventional single-mode fibers

2010

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To understand the loss limitations of a splice between a hollow-core fiber and a conventional fiber, we use a numerical model to calculate the expected coupling loss between the NKT Photonics' HC-1550-02 fiber and a single-mode fiber (SMF) of arbitrary step-index profile. When the SMF parameters are optimized, the splice loss is predicted to be as low as~0.6 dB. This minimum is believed to be largely due to mode-shape mismatch. These predictions are confirmed experimentally by optimizing the splice loss between this photonic-bandgap fiber and five SMFs with different mode-field diameters (MFDs) and V numbers. With the SMF-28 fiber, the measured loss is 1:3 dB, in excellent agreement with theory. Using a SMF with parameters close to the optimum values (MFD ¼ 7:2 μm and V ¼ 2:16), this loss was reduced to a new record value of 0:79 dB. . A lower splice loss of 1 dB has also been demonstrated by applying longitudinal pressure to these two fibers prior to applying the arc [4]. In contrast, a simple overlap calculation using a Gaussian mode approximation based on the mode-field diameter of the two fibers (∼7:5 and ∼10:4 μm, respectively) predicts that the buttcoupling loss should be 0:46 dB [3]. Although this 0.5 to 1 dB difference has been tentatively explained by differences in the mode shapes, there is still a need to conduct thorough simulations to explain this measured loss. It is also important to explore the possibility of achieving a lower splice loss by selecting a solid-core fiber with a mode-field diameter (MFD) better matched to that of the hollow-core fiber.In this Letter, we use a numerical model previously reported [5] to calculate the exact fields of the HC-1550-02 fiber's fundamental mode, and with them we compute the expected coupling loss between this fiber and an arbitrary step-index SMF. This analysis predicts that, when the SMF parameters are optimized (MFD ≈ 7:25 μm and V ¼ 2:405), the splice loss should be as low as ∼0:6 dB. We confirm these predictions by optimizing the splice loss between this PBF and five SMFs with different MFDs and V numbers. With the SMF-28 fiber, we measured a loss of 1:3 dB, in good agreement with theory. Using a SMF with parameters close to the optimum values (MFD ¼ 7:2 μm and V ¼ 2:16), we reduced the splice loss to 0:79 dB. This is the lowest value reported to date for a splice between a hollow-core and a solid-core fiber using an arc splicer.The field transmission (t) and reflection (r) coefficients at a butt-coupled junction between a SMF and a PBF can be described in terms of the normalized vector electric and magnetic fields E i and H i of the HE 11 mode of the SMF, and the corresponding fields E t and H t of the PBF's fundamental mode. These modes are normalized to carry 1 W power, orwhere A is the cross-sectional area of the fiber. A similar expression applies for the SMF mode. Neglecting coupling into higher-order modes of the PBF, the continuity of the transverse fields at the interface between the fibers imposeswhere the subscript T represents the transvers...

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confidence: 99%

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Optimization of the splice loss between photonic-bandgap fibers and conventional single-mode fibers

2010

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“…Excellent single mode, polarisation maintaining (or in some implementations polarising) performance of the fibre are further essential requirements. HC-PBGFs offer potential benefits on all of these fronts and as a consequence various groups are looking to realise these benefits in practice [123]. Recent work on large core HC-PBGFs with effectively single mode behaviour based on resonant stripping of higher-order modes looks particularly promising for these applications [71].…”

Section: Optical Fibre Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers: technology and applications

2013

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Since the early conceptual and practical demonstrations in the late 1990s, Hollow-Core Photonic Band Gap Fibres (HC-PBGFs) have attracted huge interest by virtue of their promise to deliver a unique range of optical properties that are simply not possible in conventional fibre types. HC-PBGFs have the potential to overcome some of the fundamental limitations of solid fibres promising, for example, reduced transmission loss, lower nonlinearity, higher damage thresholds and lower latency, amongst others. They also provide a unique medium for a range of light: matter interactions of various forms, particularly for gaseous media. In this paper we review the current status of the field, including the latest developments in the understanding of the basic guidance mechanisms in these fibres and the unique properties they can exhibit. We also review the latest advances in terms of fibre fabrication and characterisation, before describing some of the most important applications of the technology, focusing in particular on their use in gas-based fibre optics and in optical communications.

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“…fiber optic gyroscopes and gas spectroscopy [1,2]. Even though they offer unique properties, like very high optical depth [3] and low non-linearity, they also show some limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%