“…In this section, we shall discuss the role of advanced coal-fired power plants in Japan in terms of economic competitiveness and energy security. Reserves of the coal are distributed over a wide regions and countries: It has been reported that 27.6 % of recoverable reserves of the coal is located in U.S., 18.2 % in Russia, 17.1 % in European regions, 13.3 % in China, 8.9 % in Australia, 7.0 % in India, and 7.9 % in other countries in 2010 10) , and notably 74.3 % of the coal in Japan was imported from Australia, 12.9 % from Indonesia, 8.7 % from Russia, and 4 % from other countries in 2014 11) . The unbiased distribution is thus an advantage for Japan to avoid geopolitical risks and stably supply the resource to domestic consumers.…”