Sensitivity of erbium-doped fibers to hydrogen: implications for long-term system performance

Marcerou, J.F.; Février, H.; Gabla, P. M.; Augé, Jacques

doi:10.1364/ofc.1994.ff2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The power law is not the only behavior recorded in H2-induced IR darkening of fibers. Similar sensitivity of erbium-doped fibers to hydrogen has been reported in [13]. Rush et al [14] showed that, in the case of phosphorus doped core optical fibers, a logt law leads to a better fit in a larger range of time ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Under An External Actionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Kinetics of Thermally Activated Physical Processes in Disordered Media

Poumellec

Lancry²

2015

Fibers

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Abstract:We describe a framework for modeling the writing and erasure of thermally-distributed activated processes that we can specifically apply to UV-induced refractive index change, particularly in fibers. From experimental measurements (isochrons and/or isotherms), this framework allows to find the distribution function of the activation energy by providing only a constant, which can be determined by a simple variable change when a few assumptions are fulfilled. From this modeling, it is possible to know the complete evolution in time of the system. It is also possible to determine the annealing conditions for extending a lifetime. This approach can also be used for other physical quantities, such as photodarkening, stress relaxation, and luminescence decay, provided that it can be described by a distribution function.

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Section: Under An External Actionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Kinetics of Thermally Activated Physical Processes in Disordered Media

Poumellec

Lancry²

2015

Fibers

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“…where Aal.5s(HJ shows the saturated value of hydrogenmolecule absorption at 1 S -p m wavelength, R denotes the gas constant (1.987 cal/mol/K), T represents the absolute temperature, and p stands for hydrogen partial pressure. Inside submarine repeaters, the generated hydrogen pressure is at most about O.OOO1 atm [9]. Even if this partial pressure is taken provisionally to be 10 times larger (0.001 atm), the loss increase of 20-m long standard EDF calculated using Eq.…”

Section: Loss Increase In Hydrogen Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to this problem, hydrogen-induced loss is expected to be slight under the environments inside a submarine repeater, even if a very severe environment is assumed provisionally. Thus, it is able to avoid signal-to-noise (SN) degradations using automatic power control (APC) of pump power [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term reliability of Er‐doped fibers in hydrogen environments

Koyano

Kakui

Kashiwada

et al. 1996

Electron Comm Jpn Pt II

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Accelerated tests of Erdoped fibers in hydrogen environments are carried out and as the evidence of their long-term utilization, the degradations in loss and gain are estimated. The hydrogen-induced loss-increase in Erdoped fibers with 0 to 3 percent aluminum (Al) content is formulated. As the results of quantitative investigations, it is understood that during 25 years of use, there is almost no transmission loss increase in 1.55-pm wavelength region and at hydrogen partial pressure of 0.001 atm and 4OoC if there is no Al content.In case of 1 wt96 Al content, the loss increase is 0.04 dB120 m while it is 0.08 dB120 m if the Al content is 3 wt%. Further, it is possible to describe the gain degradations, under hydrogen environment, by the increase of background losses. Under the forementioned conditions, the gain degradation is estimated to be 0.07 dB if the Al content is 1 wt% and 0.15 dB if the content is 3 wt %. Therefore, it becomes clear that their characteristics are immune to hydrogen environment in real applications.

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Sensitivity of erbium-doped fibers to hydrogen: implications for long-term system performance

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Kinetics of Thermally Activated Physical Processes in Disordered Media

Kinetics of Thermally Activated Physical Processes in Disordered Media

Long‐term reliability of Er‐doped fibers in hydrogen environments

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