Sensitivity of Gram stain in the diagnosis of urethritis in men

Orellana, María Ángeles; Gómez-Lus, Ma Luisa; Lora, David

doi:10.1136/sextrans-2011-050150

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this study we found a relatively high sensitivity of Gram stain analysis for urogenital CT in both periods (83.8% in the 2008–2009 period and 91.0% in the 2010–2011 period) compared with the sensitivity reported by other studies, ranging from 23% to 71% 10 11. The relative high sensitivities in our study could be due to a selective study population that consisted of high- risk patients of which the majority were men who have sex with men (respectively 56.5% and 64.8% of the study populations) compared with more general populations in other studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Point-of-care management of urogenitalChlamydia trachomatisvia Gram-stained smear analysis in male high-risk patients. Diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness before and after changing the screening indication at the STI Clinic in Amsterdam

et al. 2015

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With a high sensitivity in male high-risk patients, the Gram-stained urethral smear is a useful POC test to detect urogenital C. trachomatis. When offered only to men with urogenital symptoms the specificity decreases but the cost per correctly managed consultation is reduced with 14.3% without a significant difference in loss to follow-up but with a significantly higher rate of delayed treatment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Point-of-care management of urogenitalChlamydia trachomatisvia Gram-stained smear analysis in male high-risk patients. Diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness before and after changing the screening indication at the STI Clinic in Amsterdam

et al. 2015

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“…AO stain was more sensitive than the Gram stain in our study. Studies have reported the sensitivity of Gram stain between 40 and 93% [15][16][17][18]. The sensitivity of AO in this study was similar to that reported by Neeraja et al [10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of acridine orange fluorescent microscopy and gram stain light microscopy for the rapid detection of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid

et al. 2020

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Objective: Bacterial meningitis is a life threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Currently, Gram stain is widely used for the microscopic detection of bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In Nepal, fluorescent microscopes have been installed in laboratories as a part of the National tuberculosis control program. However, information on the utility of the acridine orange (AO) stain for the direct detection of bacteria in CSF samples in Nepal is not available. Therefore, this study aims to compare Gram stain and AO stain for the rapid detection of bacterial pathogens in CSF of clinically suspected meningitis cases in Kathmandu, Nepal.Results: Bacterial pathogens were detected in 9.30% (36/387) by either of the three tests, 9.04% (35/387) by AO stain, 8.27% (32/387) by culture and 6.46% (25/387) by Gram's stain. Considering culture as a gold standard, the sensitivity of AO stain was higher than Gram stain. The specificity of AO stain was 98.87%. Detection and differentiation of the bacteria was much clear in AO staining than Gram staining. AO is a better alternative to Gram stain in the rapid detection of bacterial pathogens in CSF in the setting where fluorescent microscope is available.

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“…trachomatis 11%-50% (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12-14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19-25) M. genitalium 6%-50% (7-9, 26, 27, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 23-25, 28) Ureaplasmas 11%-26% (8,13,15,17,23,25,29,30) T. vaginalis 1%-20% (8,9,10,31,17,32) Adenoviruses 2%-4% (11, 33) Herpes simplex virus 2%-3% (11,34) . Men with a urethral discharge have a higher bacterial load than those without.…”

Section: Micro-organism Prevalence Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

2015 UK National Guideline on the management of non-gonococcal urethritis

Horner¹,

Blee

O'Mahony

et al. 2015

Int J STD AIDS

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We present the updated British Association for Sexual Health and HIV guideline for the management of non-gonococcal urethritis in men. This document includes a review of the current literature on its aetiology, diagnosis and management. In particular it highlights the emerging evidence that azithromycin 1 g may result in the development of antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium and that neither azithromycin 1 g nor doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for seven days achieves a cure rate of >90% for this micro-organism. Evidence-based diagnostic and management strategies for men presenting with symptoms suggestive of urethritis, those confirmed to have non-gonococcal urethritis and those with persistent symptoms following first-line treatment are detailed.

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Sensitivity of Gram stain in the diagnosis of urethritis in men

Abstract: The low sensitivity of Gram stain means that negative results do not exclude the presence of urethritis in symptomatic patients.

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Point-of-care management of urogenitalChlamydia trachomatisvia Gram-stained smear analysis in male high-risk patients. Diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness before and after changing the screening indication at the STI Clinic in Amsterdam

Point-of-care management of urogenitalChlamydia trachomatisvia Gram-stained smear analysis in male high-risk patients. Diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness before and after changing the screening indication at the STI Clinic in Amsterdam

Comparison of acridine orange fluorescent microscopy and gram stain light microscopy for the rapid detection of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid

2015 UK National Guideline on the management of non-gonococcal urethritis

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