Sensitivity of Hydra vulgaris to Nanosilver for Environmental Applications

Abstract

Nanosilver applications, including sensing and water treatment, have significantly increased in recent years, although safety for humans and the environment is still under debate. Here, we tested the environmental safety of a novel formulation of silver nanoparticles functionalized with citrate and L-cysteine (AgNPcitLcys) on freshwater cnidarian Hydra vulgaris as an emerging ecotoxicological model for the safety of engineered nanomaterials. AgNPcitLcys behavior was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), while Ag release was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). H. vulgaris (n = 12) subjects were evaluated for morphological aberration after 96 h of exposure and regeneration ability after 96 h and 7 days of exposure, after which the predatory ability was also assessed. The results show a low dissolution of AgNPcitLcys in Hydra medium (max 0.146% of nominal AgNPcitLcys concentration) and highlight a lack of ecotoxicological effects, both on morphology and regeneration, confirming the protective role of the double coating against AgNP biological effects. Predatory ability evaluation suggests a mild impairment of the entangling capacity or of the functionality of the tentacles, as the number of preys killed but not ingested was higher than the controls in all exposed animals. While their long-term sub-lethal effects still need to be further evaluated on H. vulgaris, AgNPcitLcys appears to be a promising tool for environmental applications, for instance, for water treatment and sensing.

Capping drives the behavior, dissolution and (eco)toxicity of silver nanoparticles towards microorganisms and mammalian cells

“…In both cases, the observed toxicity for AgNPcitLcys and AgNP3MPS towards microalgae is low if compared to literature data, 12,61–64 as already shown for only AgNPcitLcys. 24,42,65…”

“…In both cases, the observed toxicity for AgNPcitLcys and AgNP3MPS towards microalgae is low if compared to literature data, 12,[61][62][63][64] as already shown for only AgNPcitLcys. 24,42,65 However, dissolved Ag might not be the only factor involved in the effects of AgNP towards microalgae. In fact, if we consider algal growth inhibition percentages together with AgNP dissolution data, we can see that the effects of AgNP3MPS can be predicted based on dissolved Ag levels: subcapitata was observed at a dissolved Ag value of 1.33 μg L −1 , too low to explain such toxicity.…”