Sensitivity of Iodine Deficiency Indicators and Iodine Status in Turkey

Şimşek, Enver; Safak, Alper; Yavuz, Özlem; Aras, Şükrü; Doğan, Semih; Kocabay, Kenan

doi:10.1515/jpem.2003.16.2.197

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…have been observed in 75% of all populations living in a Western part of Anatolia, Turkey [21]. Our finding is in accordance with the previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Urine iodine deficiency in pregnant women living in Sivas

Doğan¹,

Karakaya²,

Doğan³

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Anal Med

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Aim: The study aimed to assess the iodine status and maternal thyroid function in the pregnant women in Sivas that is a city in central Turkey. Material and Method: One hundred-ninety-three pregnant women in their second trimester who attended the hospital for routine antenatal care were included this study.Morning spot urine samples were collected in deiodized test tubes from the study population. Urine iodine levels were determined by colorimetric modified Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. Serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Results: Median urine iodine levels were lower in Şarkışla, Suşehri Gürün, Divriği and Kangal than Sivas Center. Median urine iodine deficiency levels of pregnant women living in Şarkışla, Suşehri Gürün, Divriği, and Kangal indicated mild iodine deficiency. Discussion: Iodine deficiency is a significant problem in Sivas. Therefore, there is need for a policy such as iodine prophylaxis for pregnant women living in Sivas to eliminate this problem.

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“…have been observed in 75% of all populations living in a Western part of Anatolia, Turkey [21]. Our finding is in accordance with the previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…High prevalence of endemic goiter related to insufficient iodine intake has been reported in different studies in Turkey [14,15]. Median urine iodine status has been evaluated by several researches in different populations [5,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. Çetinkaya et al showed high ID in pregnant women living in Erzurum, Turkey [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine iodine deficiency in pregnant women living in Sivas

Doğan¹,

Karakaya²,

Doğan³

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Anal Med

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“…Of these, nine were randomized controlled trials, two were nonrandomized controlled trials, three were cohort observational studies, 23 were cross-sectional studies (10 multicenter), and one was a monitoring report of iodization programs that included a measurement before the introduction of iodized salt to a measurement after the introduction of iodized salt. In order to investigate the consistency of the relationship between iodine status as determined by UIC and Tg more clearly, for those studies that reported this information for more than one group, we considered each of these groups separately (i.e., one study of pregnant women and their newborns (37); one study of pregnant women and adults (38); one study of children and adults (30); three studies of children living in different regions (39) or countries (40,41); and seven studies of adults living in different regions (21,25,(42)(43)(44) or countries (45,46)). …”

Section: Search Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four studies (30,39,41,73) found that iodine-deficient children had a median Tg ‡ 13 lg/L (range 13-59 lg/L), while two studies (40,41) reported that iodine-sufficient children also had a median Tg ‡13 lg/L (range 13-19 lg/L). Four of six studies (39)(40)(41)55) reported that children with adequate iodine status had a median Tg <13 lg/L. However, one study (39) reported that iodine-deficient children had a median Tg <13 lg/L.…”

Section: Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four of six studies (39)(40)(41)55) reported that children with adequate iodine status had a median Tg <13 lg/L. However, one study (39) reported that iodine-deficient children had a median Tg <13 lg/L. The study by Zimmermann et al (41) included 2512 children from 12 countries with severe iodine deficiency (i.e., median UIC <20 lg/L), mild iodine deficiency (i.e., median UIC 50-99 lg/ L), adequate iodine status (i.e., median UIC 100-299 lg/L), and iodine excess (i.e., median UIC ‡300 lg/L).…”

Section: Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyroglobulin as a Biomarker of Iodine Deficiency: A Review

Feei

Skeaff²

2014

Thyroid

137

113

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Background: Thyroglobulin, produced exclusively by the thyroid gland, has been proposed to be a more sensitive biomarker of iodine status than thyrotropin or the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine. However, evidence on the usefulness of thyroglobulin (Tg) to assess iodine status has not been extensively reviewed, particularly in pregnant women and adults. Summary: An electronic literature search was conducted using the Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline to locate relevant studies on Tg as a biomarker of iodine status. Since urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is the recommended method to assess iodine status in populations, only studies that clearly reported both Tg and UIC were included. For the purpose of this review, a median Tg <13 lg/L and a median UIC ‡100 lg/L (UIC ‡150 lg/L for pregnant women) were used to indicate adequate iodine status. We excluded studies conducted in subjects with either known thyroid disease or those with thyroglobulin antibodies. The search strategy and selection criteria yielded 34 articles of which nine were intervention studies. The majority of studies (six of eight) reported that iodine-deficient pregnant women had a median Tg ‡13 lg/L. However, large observational studies of pregnant women, including women with adequate and inadequate iodine status, as well as well-designed intervention trials that include both Tg and UIC, are needed. In adults, the results were equivocal because iodine-deficient adults were reported to have median Tg values of either <13 or ‡13 lg/L. Only studies in school-aged children showed that iodine-sufficient children typically had a median Tg <13 lg/L. Some of the inconsistent results may be partially explained by the use of different methodological assays and failure to assess assay accuracy using a certified reference material. Conclusions: These data suggest that Tg does hold promise as a biomarker of iodine deficiency. However, it is associated with limitations. A median Tg cutoff of 13 lg/L warrants further investigation, particularly in adults or pregnant women, as there is a lack of both observational and intervention studies in these groups.

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Current iodine status In Turkey

Erdoğan

Ağbaht

Altunsu

et al. 2009

J Endocrinol Invest

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Moderate to severe ID still exists in 27.8% of the Turkish population, which is much better compared to 1997 and 2002 surveys (i.e. 58%, 38.9%, respectively). The follow-up monitoring study (in 2007) demonstrated that ID has been eliminated in 20 of 30 cities surveyed, and median UIC was 130 microg/l. ID has been eliminated in most of the urban population, however, it is still an important problem in rural areas and in particular geographical regions, which should be the target of future programs.

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Sensitivity of Iodine Deficiency Indicators and Iodine Status in Turkey

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Urine iodine deficiency in pregnant women living in Sivas

Urine iodine deficiency in pregnant women living in Sivas

Thyroglobulin as a Biomarker of Iodine Deficiency: A Review

Current iodine status In Turkey

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