Sensitivity of olfactory sensory neurons to food cues is tuned to nutritional states by Neuropeptide Y signaling

Abstract

Modulation of sensory perception by homeostatic feedback is critical for survival. Gating of sensory inputs by internal states, such as energy availability, enables the animal to issue measured responses, like food-seeking and consumptive behaviors. Olfaction is an important sensory modality in food-seeking behavior providing predictive information on the availability, quality, and associated reward

Mapping key neuropeptides involved in the melanocortin system in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) brain

“…This expression is consistent with other studies in teleosts for npy (Cerdá-Reverter et al, 2000;Gaikwad et al, 2004;Kaniganti et al, 2021;Pirone et al, 2008;Porter et al, 2017) and cart or cart2b (Akash et al, 2014;Bonacic et al, 2015;Kalananthan et al, 2021;Le et al, 2016). Interestingly, fasted zebrafish express higher levels of npy in the olfactory bulb compared to those fed (Kaniganti et al, 2021), while in Atlantic salmon fasting decreased npya1 and increased cart2b mRNA levels in the olfactory bulb (Kalananthan et al, 2021;Tolås et al, 2021). In fact, npy has been suggested to serve as a neurotransmitter, while cart is involved in modulating the activity that (Akash et al, 2014;Gaikwad et al, 2004;Kalananthan et al, 2021;Kaniganti et al, 2021;Singru et al, 2008;Tolås et al, 2021).…”

“…The topology of central neuropeptides of the melanocortin system has been mapped in the whole brain or in specific brain regions in several teleost species, including catfish Clarias batrachus (Gaikwad et al., 2004 ; Singru et al., 2008 ; Subhedar et al., 2011 ), Indian major carp Cirrhinus cirrhosus (Saha et al., 2015 ), goldfish Carassius auratus (Cerdá‐Reverter & Peter, 2003 ; Cerdá‐Reverter, Schiöth, et al., 2003 ; Kojima et al., 2010 ; Matsuda et al., 2009 ), zebrafish (Akash et al., 2014 ; Forlano & Cone, 2007 ; Jeong et al., 2018 ; Kaniganti et al., 2021 ; Koch et al., 2019 ; Mukherjee et al., 2012 ; Shainer et al., 2017 , 2019 ), sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Agulleiro et al., 2014 ; Cerdá‐Reverter et al., 2000 ), Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (Le et al., 2016 ), and the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni (Porter et al., 2017 ). However, to our knowledge, coexpression of npy/agrp and cart/pomc in the hypothalamus has never been observed in a teleost species.…”

Anti-Depressant Fluoxetine Hampers Olfaction of Goldfish by Interfering with the Initiation, Transmission, and Processing of Olfactory Signals

“…In addition, although details of the sophisticated olfactory signal processing remain largely unknown, it has been suggested that NPY, which is extensively expressed in the fish OB, plays an important regulatory role in this process. , According to the data obtained, 28 day exposure of goldfish to 30 ng L –1 FLX resulted in a significant decline in NPY (indicated by NPY-specific immunofluorescent staining), which could also interfere with olfactory signal processing by disrupting NPY regulation.…”

“…19,20 Subsequently, the olfactory signal will be processed by the olfactory bulb (OB) of the fish brain under the regulation of multiple neuromodulators, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY). 21 To efficiently capture environmental chemosensory information, the OE of fish is fully exposed to the surrounding water and thus susceptible to waterborne contaminants (i.e., pollutants may hamper the normal function of OE such as the initiation of olfactory signals by inducing oxidative damage). 22 In addition, due to the high affinity of 5-HT transporters of fish species for FLX, 23 the olfactory signal transmission of fish, which is mediated by neurotransmitters including 5-HT, might be a potential target of FLX as well.…”

“…At the tissue level, successful perception of environmental olfactory information in fish includes three consecutive processes, namely, the initiation, transmission, and processing of olfactory signals . In brief, when water passes through the nasal cavity of fish, waterborne odor molecules will bind to the olfactory receptors (ORs) of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) located on the surface of the olfactory epithelium (OE), which triggers cell depolarization by activating the cyclic nucleotide signaling or the phosphoinositide signaling cascades that are regulated by Ca 2+ -ATPase and Na + /K + -ATPase. , By modulating various neurotransmitters [i.e., γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), glutamate (Glu), and 5-HT], the olfactory signal generated by cation influx will then be transmitted along axons to the central nervous system. , Subsequently, the olfactory signal will be processed by the olfactory bulb (OB) of the fish brain under the regulation of multiple neuromodulators, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) …”