Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to monsoonal variability during the Holocene: An integrated data and modeling study

Biton, E.; Gildor, Hezi; Trommer, Gabriele; Siccha, Michael; Kučera, Michal; Meer, Marcel T. J. van der; Schouten, Stefan

doi:10.1029/2009pa001876

Cited by 29 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…7) 948 G. Trommer et al: Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation during the last interglacial (Geiselhart, 1998;Schmelzer, 1998;Fenton et al, 2000;Trommer et al, 2010). For termination I, this has been interpreted as the result of oligotrophic conditions in the central Red Sea caused by strengthened summer circulation mode , which was corroborated by modelling results (Biton et al, 2010). During termination II, G. sacculifer abundance changes appear to follow the summer insolation trend, in a similar manner as during the early Holocene (Fig.…”

Section: Climate Conditions During Termination II and Sea-level Maximumsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Following Biton et al (2010), we calculate the contributions of the different GDGT signals by assuming that the SST trend at KL9 was similar to that at KL23, with an approximate offset of 3 • C, as found today. These calculations suggest that the Crenarchaeota population at the site of KL9 would consist of 69 % northern Red Sea population and 31 % of the open ocean population during MIS 5e (Fig.…”

Section: Climate Conditions During Termination II and Sea-level Maximummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sea-level dependent recovery of the planktic fauna after termination I was investigated for several organism groups (Winter et al, 1983;Almogi-Labin et al, 1991;Legge et al, 2006;Trommer et al, 2010), and an analysis of the salinity sensitive planktic foraminifera revealed that sea level must have risen to less than 50-55 m below the presentday level to allow establishment of a "normal" marine plankton community . It has been further inferred that during the Holocene sea-level highstand, atmospheric forcing became a key control on the circulation system throughout the Red Sea (Biton et al, 2010;. In addition, it has been found that the Indian Monsoon exerted an important influence on Red Sea oceanography and its planktic communities (Hemleben et al, 1996) due to changes in nutrient availability Trommer et al, 2010) and stratification of the water column (Almogi-Labin et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Red Sea is an ideal natural laboratory to investigate the interplay between sea-level rise and atmospheric forcing during and after terminations, due to its sensitivity to sea-level fluctuations (Winter et al, 1983;Locke and Thunell, 1988;Thunell et al, 1988;Rohling and Zachariasse, 1996;Rohling et al, 1998Rohling et al, , 2008aFenton et al, 2000;Siddall et al, 2003Siddall et al, , 2004 and to monsoon-driven oceanographic changes (Almogi-Labin et al, 1991;Hemleben et al, 1996;Biton et al, 2010;Trommer et al, 2010). The restricted connection to the Indian Ocean, the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb in the south, and high evaporation rates over the entire basin determine the water exchange with the Gulf of Aden, which results in a characteristic circulation pattern and a strong gradient of environmental parameters along the basin axis (Weikert et al, 1987;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, this endemic Crenarchaeota population occurs in the central and southern Red Sea together with the open ocean population (Kim et al, 2008(Kim et al, , 2010 that enters the basin from the south, which results in a mixture of two different GDGT signals in the southern and central Red Sea ). We use this mixed GDGT signal in the central Red Sea to estimate the exchange rate with the Gulf of Aden relative to modern conditions, based on a simple two end-member mixing model (Biton et al, 2010). (Geiselhart, 1998;Schmelzer, 1998), KL9, and KL11, highlighting the position of the seasonally active Baraka catchment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation forcing during the last interglacial

et al. 2011

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Abstract. This study investigates the response of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation changes during termination II and across the last interglacial, in comparison with termination I and the Holocene. Sediment cores from the central and northern part of the Red Sea were investigated by micropaleontological and geochemical proxies. The recovery of the planktic foraminiferal fauna following high salinities during marine isotopic stage (MIS) 6 took place at similar sea-level stand (∼50 m below present day), and with a similar species succession, as during termination I. This indicates a consistent sensitivity of the basin oceanography and the plankton ecology to sea-level forcing. Based on planktic foraminifera, we find that increased water exchange with the Gulf of Aden especially occurred during the sea-level highstand of interglacial MIS 5e. From MIS 6 to the peak of MIS 5e, northern Red Sea sea surface temperature (SST) increased from 21 • C to 25 • C, with about 3 • C of this increase taking place during termination II. Changes in planktic foraminiferal assemblages indicate that the development of the Red Sea oceanography during MIS 5 was strongly determined by insolation and monsoon strength. The SW Monsoon summer circulation mode was enhanced during the termination, causing low productivity in northern central Red Sea core KL9, marked by high abundance of G. sacculifer, which -as in the Holocene -followed summer insolation. Core KL11 records the northern tip of the intruding intermediate water layer from the Gulf of Aden and its planktic foraminifera fauna shows evidence for elevated productivity during the sea-level highstand in the southern central Red Sea. By the time of MIS 5 sea-level regression, elevated orCorrespondence to: G. Trommer (gabi.trommer@gmx.de) ganic biomarker BIT values suggest denudation of soil organic matter into the Red Sea and high abundances of G. glutinata, and high reconstructed chlorophyll-a values, indicate an intensified NE Monsoon winter circulation mode. Our results imply that the amplitude of insolation fluctuations, and the resulting monsoon strength, strongly influence the Red Sea oceanography during sea-level highstands by regulating the intensity of water exchange with the Gulf of Aden. These processes are responsible for the observation that MIS 5e/d is characterized by higher primary productivity than the Holocene.

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Section: Climate Conditions During Termination II and Sea-level Maximumsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Climate Conditions During Termination II and Sea-level Maximummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation forcing during the last interglacial

et al. 2011

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Seasonal overturning circulation in the Red Sea: 1. Model validation and summer circulation

Yao

Hoteit

Pratt

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

120

203

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The overturning circulation in the Red Sea exhibits a distinct seasonally reversing pattern and is studied using high-resolution MIT general circulation model simulations. In the first part of this study, the vertical and horizontal structure of the summer overturning circulation and its dynamical mechanisms are presented from the model results. The seasonal water exchange in the Strait of Bab el Mandeb is successfully simulated, and the structures of the intruding subsurface Gulf of Aden intermediate water are in good agreement with summer observations in 2011. The model results suggest that the summer overturning circulation is driven by the combined effect of the shoaling of the thermocline in the Gulf of Aden resulting from remote winds in the Arabian Sea and an upward surface slope from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden set up by local surface winds in the Red Sea. In addition, during late summer two processes associated, respectively, with latitudinally differential heating and increased salinity in the southern Red Sea act together to cause the reversal of the contrast of the vertical density structure and the cessation of the summer overturning circulation. Dynamically, the subsurface northward pressure gradient force is mainly balanced by vertical viscosity resulting from the vertical shear and boundary friction in the Strait of Bab el Mandeb. Unlike some previous studies, the three-layer summer exchange flows in the Strait of Bab el Mandeb do not appear to be hydraulically controlled.

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Red Sea circulation during marine isotope stage 5e

2015

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We have employed a regional Massachusetts Institute of Technology oceanic general circulation model of the Red Sea to investigate its circulation during marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e, the peak of the last interglacial, approximately 125 ka before present. Compared to present-day conditions, MIS 5e was characterized by higher Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, accompanied by increases in air temperature of more than 2°C and global sea level approximately 8 m higher than today. As a consequence of the increased seasonality, intensified monsoonal conditions with increased winds, rainfall, and humidity in the Red Sea region are evident in speleothem records and supported by model simulations. To assess the dominant factors responsible for the observed changes, we conducted several sensitivity experiments in which the MIS 5 boundary conditions or forcing parameters were used individually. Overall, our model simulation for the last interglacial maximum reconstructs a Red Sea that is colder, less ventilated and probably more oligotrophic than at present day. The largest alteration in Red Sea circulation and properties was found for the simulation of the northward displacement and intensification of the African tropical rain belt during MIS 5e, leading to a notable increase in the fresh water flux into the Red Sea. Such an increase significantly reduced the Red Sea salinity and exchange volume of the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden. The Red Sea reacted to the MIS 5e insolation forcing by the expected increase in seasonal sea surface temperature amplitude and overall cooling caused by lower temperatures during deep water formation in winter.

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Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to monsoonal variability during the Holocene: An integrated data and modeling study

Cited by 29 publications

References 78 publications

Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation forcing during the last interglacial

Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation forcing during the last interglacial

Seasonal overturning circulation in the Red Sea: 1. Model validation and summer circulation

Red Sea circulation during marine isotope stage 5e

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