Sensitivity of Resonant Axion Haloscopes to Quantum Electromagnetodynamics

Abstract

Recently, interactions between putative axions and magnetic monopoles have been revisited by two of the authors.[1] It is shown that significant modifications to conventional axion electrodynamics arise due to these interactions, so that the axion–photon coupling parameter space is expanded from one parameter to three . Poynting theorem is implemented to determine how to exhibit sensitivity to and using resonant haloscopes, allowing new techniques to search for axions and a possible indirect way to determine if magnetically charged matter exists.

Limits on Dark Photons, Scalars, and Axion‐Electromagnetodynamics with the ORGAN Experiment

“…In resonant haloscopes with an applied magnetic field, the g aAB term creates a magnetic current analogue to the well-known g a𝛾𝛾 term's displacement current. Implementing Poynting theorem, [69] it has been shown that the signal power expected on resonance in a haloscope due to this additional term is given by [27] P aAB = Close-up on the dark-photon kinetic mixing limits from ORGAN Phase 1a at 95% CL (red), plotted against exclusion limits from ORPHEUS (90% CL), [70] DOSUE-RR (95% CL) [71] (gray) and the cosmological bound that dark photons must meet in order to be dark matter [29,[72][73][74][75] (blue). We show the limits assuming the fixed polarization scenario as opaque, and the less-conservative random polarization scenario as transparent (see ref.…”

“…In resonant haloscopes with an applied magnetic field, the $$g_{aAB}$$ term creates a magnetic current analogue to the well‐known $$g_{a\gamma \gamma }$$ term's displacement current. Implementing Poynting theorem, [ 69 ] it has been shown that the signal power expected on resonance in a haloscope due to this additional term is given by [ 27 ] $$$$\begin{equation} P_{aAB}={\left(g_{aAB}^2 \frac{\rho _{\text{a}}}{m_{\text{a}}}\right)}{\left(\frac{\beta }{1+\beta } B_0^2 V C_{aAB} Q_{\mathrm{L}}\right)} \end{equation}$$$$where $$C_{aAB}$$ is another form factor, coincidentally of identical form to $$C_{\phi }$$ as presented in Equation (10). Consequently, limits placed by haloscopes on the dilaton coupling $$g_{\phi \gamma \gamma }$$ are equivalent to limits on $$g_{aAB}$$.…”

“…Whilst haloscopes have long been used for axion detection in this way, it can be shown that they are simultaneously sensitive to other types of axion-standard model coupling, and to other dark matter candidates entirely. Of recent interest in the field are the additional axion-electromagnetic couplings which arise from quantum electromagnetodynamics (QEMD), [26,27] the dark photon, [28][29][30][31][32] and scalar-field/dilaton dark matter. [33] See the recent review of ref.…”

Electromagnetic energy transfer processes in effective electro-magneto dynamics of axions

“…a Alternative fazor formulation of the Poynting theorem in terms of complex fields allows in the complex valued energy balance equation the separation of the reactive and dissipative parts of the energy transfer. 32,33 supplemented with the initial conditions…”

Non-standard axion electrodynamics and the dual Witten effect

“…The fact that axion electrodynamics breaks electric-magnetic duality has spurred some authors to propose non-standard formulations of axion electrodynamics, which aim to either restore electric-magnetic duality [13] or break it in alternative ways [14][15][16]. These non-standard formulations of axion electrodynamics not only allow for g aγγ ∝ 1/e 2 , implying much stronger couplings, they also introduce new terms in (1.3); for example, allowing E ∂a ∂t to source ∇ × E. Some of the proposed modifications have begun to receive attention in the context of the design or interpretation of experiments [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] or astrophysical observations [29]. Thus, it is important to understand to what extent such a non-standard axion electrodynamics is theoretically and phenomenologically viable.…”