Sensitivity of Streptococcus Bovis to Various Antibiotics

Muir, Larry A.; Barretto, A. Colombo

doi:10.2527/jas1979.483468x

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thiopeptin is a narrow spectrum antibiotic that inhibits S. bovis without greatly affecting other rumen bacteria that are predominantly gram-negative (Muir and Barreto, 1979;Muir et al, 1980). Monensin also inhibits gram-positive organisms, but its relative activity against S. bovis is much lower than that of thiopeptin (Muir and Barreto, 1979). Comparison of the thiopeptin incubation (figure 2b) and the control (figure 2a) shows that thiopeptin inhibited protein degradation by approximately 50%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test our hypothesis further, we added gram-positive antibiotics to high carbohydrate incubations (figures 2b and 2c). Thiopeptin is a narrow spectrum antibiotic that inhibits S. bovis without greatly affecting other rumen bacteria that are predominantly gram-negative (Muir and Barreto, 1979;Muir et al, 1980). Monensin also inhibits gram-positive organisms, but its relative activity against S. bovis is much lower than that of thiopeptin (Muir and Barreto, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of Protein by Mixed Cultures of Rumen Bacteria: Identification of Streptococcus Bovis as an Actively Proteolytic Rumen Bacterium1

Russell

Bottje

Cotta

1981

Journal of Animal Science

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Mixed cultures of rumen bacteria were inoculated into anaerobic buffer solutions containing mixed carbohydrates, casein and ammonia, and rates of bacterial growth, protein degradation, ammonia formation or utilization and lactate production were determined. Bacterial growth rate was varied by the provision of excess carbohydrate (one large dose at the onset of the incubation) or limited carbohydrate (small doses every hour or every 2 hr). When carbohydrate was limited, growth rate was slow, the extent of protein degradation was small and lactate did not accumulate in the fermentation vessels. Lactate production and protein degradation were also negligible during the initial phases of the high carbohydrate, fast growth rate incubations, but large increases in each were seen after 3 hours. Microscopic examination of the fast growth incubations revealed large numbers of small ovoid cells similar to Streptococcus bovis, while tha slow growth incubations exhibited a variety of morophological types and very few small ovoid cells. Because the lactic acid and morphological data suggested that proliferation of S. bovis might be responsible for rapid proteolysis, effects of gram-positive antibiotics were examined. When compared against a fast growth control, both thiopeptin (5 ppm) and monensin (5ppm) were found to decrease protein degradation, but the inhibition by thiopeptin (50%) was greater than that by monensin (13%). The ratios of protein degraded to bacteria protein synthesized were .659, .362 and .628 for the control, thiopeptin and monensin treatments, respectively. Actively proteolytic strains of S. bovis were isolated from fast growth incubations, and subsequent experiments showed that the ratio of protein degraded to bacterial protein synthesized was approximately 1.50. Collectively, the data indicate that S. bovis is a very proteolytic rumen bacterium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Protein by Mixed Cultures of Rumen Bacteria: Identification of Streptococcus Bovis as an Actively Proteolytic Rumen Bacterium1

Russell

Bottje

Cotta

1981

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The compound has no antiprotozoal activity (Dennis et al, 1986). Muir and Barreto (1979) evaluated the ability of various antibiotics to inhibit Streptococcus bovis and concluded that thiopeptin was among the most effective inhibitors. This prompted researchers to investigate its potential for controlling lactic acidosis (Muir et al, 1980a,b;Nagaraja et ai., 1982).…”

Section: Non-ionophore Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

Hobson¹,

Stewart²

1997

353

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“…In vitro studies have indicated that monensin can inhibit S. bovis (21), but only higher than normal doses of monensin (approximately 350 mg/animal/day) could prevent S. bovis proliferation and acute ruminal acidosis (22). Recent work has indicated that nisin and monensin have similar effects on in vitro ruminal fermentations, but the effect of nisin on S. bovis has not been described (4).…”

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Nisin Resistance of Streptococcus bovis

Mantovani

Russell

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

130

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The growth of Streptococcus bovis JB1 was initially inhibited by nisin (1 M), and nisin caused a more than 3-log decrease in viability. However, some of the cells survived, and these nisin-resistant cells grew as rapidly as untreated ones. To see if the nisin resistance was merely a selection, nisin-sensitive cells were obtained from agar plates lacking nisin. Results indicated that virtually any nisin-sensitive cell could become nisin-resistant if the ratio of nisin to cells was not too high and the incubation period was long enough. Isolates obtained from the rumen were initially nisin sensitive, but they also developed nisin resistance. Nisin-resistant cultures remained nisin resistant even if nisin was not present, but competition studies indicated that nisin-sensitive cells could eventually displace the resistant ones if nisin was not present. Nisin-sensitive, glucose-energized cells lost virtually all of their intracellular potassium if 1 M nisin was added, but resistant cells retained potassium even after addition of 10 M nisin. Nisin-resistant cells were less hydrophobic and more lysozymeresistant than nisin-sensitive cells. Because the nisin-resistant cells bound less cytochrome c, it appeared that nisin was being excluded by a net positive (i.e., less negative) charge. Nisin-resistant cells had more lipoteichoic acid than nisin-sensitive cells, and deesterified lipoteichoic acids from nisin-resistant cells migrated more slowly through a polyacrylamide gel than those from nisin-sensitive cells. These results indicated that lipoteichoic acids could be modified to increase the resistance of S. bovis to nisin. S. bovis JB1 cultures were still sensitive to monensin, tetracycline, vancomycin, and bacitracin, but ampicillin resistance was 1,000-fold greater.Streptococcus bovis is a rapidly growing and opportunistic bacterium that is usually found at low numbers in the rumen, but its numbers can increase dramatically if cattle are switched abruptly from hay to grain diets. S. bovis produces lactate when carbohydrates are in excess, and lactate accumulation in the rumen can cause acidosis (31). Ruminal acidosis causes decreases in food intake and ruminal ulceration and founder, and it can even kill the animal (23, 31). S. bovis has also been implicated in the colon cancer of humans (9).Since the 1970s, the feed additive monensin has been used to modify ruminal fermentations, and this antibiotic is most effective against gram-positive bacteria (28). In vitro studies have indicated that monensin can inhibit S. bovis (21), but only higher than normal doses of monensin (approximately 350 mg/animal/day) could prevent S. bovis proliferation and acute ruminal acidosis (22). Recent work has indicated that nisin and monensin have similar effects on in vitro ruminal fermentations, but the effect of nisin on S. bovis has not been described (4).Nisin is a small peptide (34 amino acids) that forms pores in cell membranes, has "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) status, and is approved for use as a food preservative (13,20...

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Sensitivity of Streptococcus Bovis to Various Antibiotics

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Degradation of Protein by Mixed Cultures of Rumen Bacteria: Identification of Streptococcus Bovis as an Actively Proteolytic Rumen Bacterium1

Degradation of Protein by Mixed Cultures of Rumen Bacteria: Identification of Streptococcus Bovis as an Actively Proteolytic Rumen Bacterium1

The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

Nisin Resistance of Streptococcus bovis

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