Sensitivity of the mangrove-estuarine microbial community to aquaculture effluent

Abstract

Summary Mangrove-dominated estuaries host a diverse microbial assemblage that facilitates nutrient and carbon conversions and could play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem health. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene analysis, metabolic inference, nutrient concentrations, and δ 13 C and δ 15 N isotopes to evaluate the impact of land use change on near-shore biogeochemical cycles and microbial community structures within mangrove-dominated estuaries. Samples in close proximity to active shrimp aquaculture were high in NH 4 + , NO 3 − NO 2 − , and PO 4 3− ; lower in microbial community and metabolic diversity; and dominated by putative nitrifiers, denitrifies, and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Near intact mangrove forests we observed the presence of potential nitrogen fixers of the genus Calothrix and order Rhizobiales. We identified possible indicators of aquaculture effluents such as Pseudomonas balearica, Ponitmonas salivi brio , family Chromatiaceae , and genus Arcobacter. These results highlight the sensitivity of the estuarine-mangrove microbial community, and their ecosystem functions, to land use changes.

Brazilian Semi-Arid Mangroves-Associated Microbiome as Pools of Richness and Complexity in a Changing World

“…Soil microbiomes associated to R. mangle of northeastern mangroves were more diverse than the northern and southern ones, even though the southern mangrove PAR-S displayed the highest total number of sequences. This is in line with previous studies that have been showing site specific differences in bacterial richness and composition ( Fernandes et al, 2014 ; Gomes et al, 2014 ; Basak et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2017 ; Ullah et al, 2017 ; Yun et al, 2017 ; Zhou et al, 2017 ; Zhu et al, 2018 ; Tong et al, 2019 ; Erazo and Bowman, 2021 ) and indicate that soil or site conditions should be considered along with geographical distance to understand microbial community patterns. Northern and southern mangroves, for instance, displayed more similar microbial diversity than expected considering their geographical distance.…”

“…Many factors have been identified as change drivers concerning the structure and distribution of mangrove microbial communities, but all consisted of local factors, such as the presence/absence of plants and plant species ( Jiang et al, 2013 ; Gomes et al, 2014 ; Prakash et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2017 ; Tong et al, 2019 ), soil or sediment depth ( Taketani et al, 2010 ; Otero et al, 2014 ; Basak et al, 2016 ; Luis et al, 2019 ), anthropogenic activities ( Dias et al, 2011 ; Fernandes et al, 2014 ; Nogueira et al, 2015 ; Erazo and Bowman, 2021 ), tidal cycles ( Zhang et al, 2018 ), organic carbon and nitrogen ( Chen et al, 2016 ), ammonia nitrogen ( Zhu et al, 2018 ), and silt-clay content ( Colares and Melo, 2013 ). Herein, examining the microbiota below R. mangle along a latitudinal transect, regional factors (temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration) were identified as the main drivers of the prokaryotic community, with only organic carbon considered a local factor.…”

“…However, this knowledge can be helpful to understand how microbes mediate ecosystem functioning and improve mangrove conservation and management ( Tong et al, 2019 ). Several factors have been reported as drivers of the distribution and structure of bacterial communities of mangrove soils, such as the presence or absence of vegetation ( Jiang et al, 2013 ; Gomes et al, 2014 ; Prakash et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2017 ), depth ( Taketani et al, 2010 ; Andrade et al, 2012 ; Otero et al, 2014 ; Basak et al, 2016 ; Luis et al, 2019 ), human activities ( Dias et al, 2011 ; Peixoto et al, 2011 ; Fernandes et al, 2014 ; Nogueira et al, 2015 ; Basak et al, 2016 ; Erazo and Bowman, 2021 ), tidal cycles ( Zhang et al, 2018 ), and physicochemical properties ( Mendes et al, 2012 ; Colares and Melo, 2013 ; Mendes and Tsai, 2014 , 2018 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Zhu et al, 2018 ). However, many of them cover different areas of a certain mangrove or compare pristine versus impacted ecosystems, demonstrating microbial shifts associated with preservation status in a local scale.…”

From microbial community structure to metabolic inference using paprica

“…This approach allows resolution at the strain and species level for select regions on the prokaryotic phylogenetic tree and provides an estimate of gene and metabolic pathway abundance. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Erazo and Bowman (2021) .…”

“…For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Erazo and Bowman (2021) .…”