Sensitivity of the Test of Memory Malingering and the Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test: A Replication Study

Armistead-Jehle, Patrick; Gervais, Roger O.

doi:10.1080/09084282.2011.595455

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Additionally, the PVTs used in this study may be too insensitive to detect invalid performance. Thus, replication of the present study using more sensitive PVTs is warranted [58][59]. Dizziness, balance, coordination, nausea, vision, and taste/smell symptoms are not unexpected following an mTBI [17] but are the most infrequently endorsed symptoms in the postacute phase in the current data as well as in other studies [23,46,60].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Postconcussive symptom overreporting in Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury

et al. 2016

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Abstract-A comprehensive evaluation, including the assessment of neurobehavioral symptoms, has been instituted at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system to address the large number of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) Veterans returning with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs). The Validity-10 is a measure of symptom overreporting embedded within the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, a component of the comprehensive evaluation that assesses postconcussive symptom severity. The Validity-10 is composed of 10 unlikely/low-frequency items and a validated cutoff score to identify postconcussive symptom overreporting. We examined the items and cutoff used in the initial development and validation study of the Validity-10 through retrospective chart reviews of 331 treatment-seeking Veterans who sustained an mTBI. The Validity-10 exhibited significant relationships with psychiatric variables, VA service connection, and neuropsychological performance validity (all p < 0.01), but nonsignificant relationships with demographic and injury variables (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, the Validity-10 modestly predicted neuropsychological performance validity test failure over and above psychiatric comorbidities and VA service connection. The present study supports the use of the Validity-10 to assess symptom validity in treatment-seeking OIF/OEF Veterans with a history of mTBI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Postconcussive symptom overreporting in Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury

et al. 2016

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“…The slightly lower sensitivity of the WCT in detecting those simulating a TBI in the current sample may have reflected factors other than those under investigation, such as sampling error, poor understanding of test instructions, or the fact that unlike the TOMM, the WCT is a single-trial task. Given that some studies using clinical and forensic TBI samples have found the TOMM to have a high rate of false positives, the WCT and other SVTs need to be further examined in these populations (Armistead-Jehle & Gervais, 2011;Gervais et al, 2004;Green, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, in very impaired populations such as patients with severe dementia, the TOMM has been found to have a high false-positive rate, whereas in TBI samples, the falsepositive rate is low (Iverson et al, 2010;Merten et al, 2007;Pivovarova, Rosenfeld, Dole, Green, & Zapf, 2009;Rees et al, 1998;Teicher & Wagner, 2004;Tombaugh, 1996Tombaugh, , 1997. That the TOMM may have low sensitivity has been demonstrated in both clinical and undergraduate samples (An, Zakzanis, & Joordens, 2012;Armistead-Jehle & Gervais, 2011). The TOMM has been demonstrated to be insensitive to age, education, mood disturbance, and all but the most severe dementias (Merten et al, 2007;Pivovarova et al, 2009;Tombaugh, 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Degree of Effort Involved in the TOMM and the ACS Word Choice Test Using a Dual-Task Paradigm

Barhon

Batchelor

Meares

et al. 2014

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult

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The aims of the current study were to: (a) examine the predictive validity and efficacy of the Advanced Clinical Solutions Word Choice Test (WCT) as a measure of effort relative to the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM); (b) investigate whether performing a dual (distraction) task would undermine performance on either test; (c) assess the effect of coaching on the diagnostic accuracy of both the WCT and the TOMM; and (d) establish an optimal cut score for the WCT. The current study used a simulation design based on an analogue design in which normal participants were instructed to either apply full effort or simulate a brain injury on the tasks without being detected. Participants included 93 undergraduate university students who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: (a) distraction, (b) uncoached traumatic brain injury (TBI) simulators, (c) coached TBI simulators, or (d) full effort. The results demonstrated that the WCT and the TOMM were effective in detecting simulated cognitive impairment. Both tests were resistant to the effects of distraction and were equally effective in detecting coached and uncoached simulators. A cut score of 42 on the WCT was found to provide optimal specificity and sensitivity on the test.

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“…There is some research that suggests that the TOMM is not as sensitive to performance invalidity as are other PVTs (Armistead-Jehle & Gervais, 2011;Green, 2007Green, , 2011. These researchers used the recommended cutoffs in the TOMM manual, and thus the sensitivity was likely compromised.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test of Memory Malingering: Cutoff Scores for Psychometrically Defined Malingering Groups in a Military Sample

Jones

2013

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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This research examined cutoffs for the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in a military sample composed primarily of mTBI patients. The results are consistent with previous research and provide additional evidence that cutoffs higher than those originally recommended for the TOMM can produce excellent classification and diagnostic statistics when a psychometrically defined non-malingering group is compared with three psychometrically defined malingering groups: Probable, Probable to Definite, and Definite Malingering. The groups were formed based on the number of symptom and performance validity tests passed or failed. Cutoffs that were 4-5 points higher for Trial 2 and the Retention Trial than originally recommended produced very low false positive rates (.0 to .06) and excellent positive predictive values (.75 to 1.00) for a base rate of malingering commonly found in TBI patients. Positive likelihood ratios were all above 10 for these two trials indicating excellent ability to rule in malingering. A range of cutoffs for Trial 1 were also examined, and classification and diagnostic statistics are presented for cutoffs ranging from 40 to 44 with results similar to the other TOMM trials.

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Sensitivity of the Test of Memory Malingering and the Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test: A Replication Study

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Postconcussive symptom overreporting in Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury

Postconcussive symptom overreporting in Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury

A Comparison of the Degree of Effort Involved in the TOMM and the ACS Word Choice Test Using a Dual-Task Paradigm

Test of Memory Malingering: Cutoff Scores for Psychometrically Defined Malingering Groups in a Military Sample

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