Sensitivity of thermo-structural model for composite laminates in fire

Summers, P.T.; Lattimer, Brian Y.; Case, Scott W.; Feih, S.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.01.006

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…9 Temperatures, higher than T gÀmatrix , results in irreversible deformations which might lead, in turn, to undesirable damage of the FRP composites. Although the fundamental of thermo-integral response of composite materials was addressed in the literature, [10][11][12][13][14] yet it remains challenging for its strong dependency upon the composite structure, and environment conditions. It is expected that an accurate prediction of effective properties of composites and hence the temperature fields would help in preventing the catastrophic failure of components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expected that an accurate prediction of effective properties of composites and hence the temperature fields would help in preventing the catastrophic failure of components. 15 In this field, Summers et al 10,11 have mentioned that in an FRP laminate, temperature gradient alters the mechanical properties and induces in-plane thermal expansion of the plate through the thickness. Jeon el al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: A pure thermal model to evaluate heat-affected zone when milling E-glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites

Mkaddem

Zain-ul-abdein

Demirci

et al. 2016

Journal of Composite Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: A pure thermal model to evaluate heat-affected zone when milling E-glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites

Mkaddem

Zain-ul-abdein

Demirci

et al. 2016

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Matala et al conducted Monte Carlo fire simulations using Latin hypercube sampling to estimate the time dependent probability of power cable failure in a fire [40]. Summers et al [41], [42] conducted a validation and sensitivity analysis of a thermalstructural model to predict the failure of compressively loaded fiber-reinforced polymer laminates that were heated by a fire, finding that the model was particularly sensitive to the thermal expansion coefficient and the elastic modulus. Finally, Bal and Rein [43,44] have shown that once uncertainty is propagated through a high number of reaction mechanisms, the resulting spread in the simulated data can be larger than when using a smaller number of mechanisms.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Heat Transfer and Pressurization of Polymeric Methylene Diisocyanate (PMDI) Polyurethane Foam in a Sealed Container

Scott¹

2018

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Polymer foam encapsulants provide mechanical, electrical, and thermal isolation in engineered systems. It can be advantageous to surround objects of interest, such as electronics, with foams in a hermetically sealed container to protect the electronics from hostile environments, such as a crash that produces a fire. However, in fire environments, gas pressure from thermal decomposition of foams can cause mechanical failure of the sealed system. In this work, a detailed study of thermally decomposing polymeric methylene diisocyanate (PMDI)-polyether-polyol based polyurethane foam in a sealed container is presented. Both experimental and computational work is discussed. Validation experiments, called Foam in a Can (FIC) are presented. In these experiments, 320 kg/m 3 PMDI foam in a 0.2 L sealed steel container is heated to 1073 K at a rate of 150 K/min and 50 K/min. FIC is tested in two orientations, upright and inverted. The experiment ends when the can breaches due to the buildup of pressure from the decomposing foam. The temperature at key locations is monitored as well as the internal pressure of the can. When the foams decompose, organic products are produced. These products can be in the gas, liquid, or solid phase. These experiments show that the results are orientation dependent: the inverted cans pressurize, and thus breach faster than the upright. There are many reasons for this, among them: buoyancy driven flows, the movement of liquid products to the heated surface, and erosive channeling that enhance the foam decomposition. The effort to model this problem begins with Erickson's No Flow model formulation. In this model, Arrhenius type reactions, derived from Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), control the reaction. A three-step reaction is used to decompose the PMDI RPU (rigid polyurethane foam) into CO2, organic gases, and char. Each of these materials has unique properties. The energy equation is used to solve for temperature through the domain. Though gas is created in the reaction mechanism, it does not advect, rather, its properties are taken into account when calculating the material properties, such as the effective conductivity. The pressure is calculated using the ideal gas law. A rigorous uncertainty quantification (UQ) assessment, using the mean value method, along with an analysis of sensitivities, is presented for this model. The model is also compared to experiments. In general, the model works well for predicting temperature, however, due to the lack of gas advection and presence of a liquid phase, the model does not predict pressure well. 2 Porous Media Model is then added to allow for the advection of gases through the foam region, using Darcy's law to calculate the velocity. Continuity, species, and enthalpy equations are solved for the condensed and gas phases. The same reaction mechanism as in the No Flow model is used, as well as material properties. A mesh resolution study, as well as a calibration of parameters is conducted, and the model is compared to experimental results. This m...

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“…An alternative approach 7 can be used to easily implement the heat of decomposition in a finite element code through the manipulation of equation (1). According to this approach, adopting equation (7), it is possible to include the consumption resulting from the degradation of the solid phase into the first term of the equation (1) and to rewrite the rate of decomposition as a function of the temperature as shown in equation (8). Indeed, by simple steps, the relation:…”

Section: Mathematical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further approaches have been focused on the evaluation of the HRR from the MLR 5 adopting the effective heat of combustion. 1,6 Indeed, the majority of the numerical tools, found in literature, able to predict the fire behavior of noncombustible materials are based on monodimensional heat transfer models for the prediction of degrading materials behavior, 4,7–9 which actually neglects the thermal orthotropy of materials and the three-dimensional (3D) contributions to heat transfer mechanisms in real structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional modeling of composites fire behavior

Riccio

Damiano

Zarrelli

et al. 2013

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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The present paper introduces a numerical study on the fire behavior of composites during exposure to a heating source at high-incident power. A three-dimensional novel numerical model is proposed, which is able to simulate the behavior of composite materials in fire environment providing the composites mass loss rate, heat release rate, and total heat released during the heating source application. The ANSYS commercial FEM software has been selected as the platform for the implementation of the proposed numerical model. The use of the ANSYS Parametric Design Language has allowed the ANSYS FEM code to numerically simulate, by a stop–restart incremental procedure, all the most relevant physical phenomena related to fire. As an application, a cone calorimeter experiment over a laminated composite plate has been numerically simulated, and the numerical model has been validated by comparing the ANSYS numerical results to experimental literature data in terms of temperature profile over the panel thickness, mass loss rate, heat release rate, and total heat released. An excellent agreement has been found between the obtained numerical results and the experimental test, confirming the validity of the proposed three-dimensional tool, taking into account the specimen edge effects, which has perspectives of application to the assessment of the fire performance of complex composite structural components.

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Sensitivity of thermo-structural model for composite laminates in fire

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

RETRACTED: A pure thermal model to evaluate heat-affected zone when milling E-glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites

RETRACTED: A pure thermal model to evaluate heat-affected zone when milling E-glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites

Modeling Heat Transfer and Pressurization of Polymeric Methylene Diisocyanate (PMDI) Polyurethane Foam in a Sealed Container

Three-dimensional modeling of composites fire behavior

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