Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of blood cultures from cattle clinically suspected of bacterial endocarditis

Houe, Hans; Eriksen, Lotte Lindgreen; Jungersen, Gregers; Pedersen, Dorte; Krogh, H. V.

doi:10.1136/vr.133.11.263

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Microbiological examination was also performed on blood samples from days 1 and 8 p.i. as described by Houe et al (1993). Samples from cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, plexus choroideus, nasal cavity, tonsils, lung, heart, heart valve, liver, spleen, kidney, gut, joints of the right elbow and knee and joints with macroscopically visible lesions were investigated by histology.…”

Section: Pathological and Microbiological Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The porcine acute phase protein response to acute clinical and subclinical experimental infection with Streptococcus suis

Sørensen

Tegtmeier

Andresen

et al. 2006

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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The pig acute phase protein (APP) response to experimental Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection was mapped by the measurement of the positive APPs C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and major acute phase protein (pig-MAP) and the negative APPs albumin and apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I. The aim was to elucidate the differences in the acute phase behaviour of the individual APPs during a typical bacterial septicaemic infection. Pigs were inoculated subcutaneously with live S. suis serotype 2 and blood was sampled before and on various days post inoculation (p.i.), until the pigs were killed and autopsied on day 14 p.i. Clinical signs (fever and lameness) were observed in four of the five inoculated pigs from day 2 p.i., and these pigs also had arthritic lesions at autopsy. CRP and SAA showed fast increases in serum concentrations, CRP being elevated from days 1 to 12 p.i. and peaking at 10 times the day 0-levels on day 1 p.i. SAA rose quickly to peak levels of 30-40 times the day 0-level on days 1-2 and returned to pre-inoculation level on day 5 p.i. Hp and pig-MAP showed slightly slower responses, both peaking around 5 days p.i. Hp was increased throughout the experiment with maximum levels around 10 times the day 0-levels, and pig-MAP was elevated on days 1-12 p.i. with peak levels of around seven times the day 0-levels. Apo A-I was decreased from days 1 to 8 and showed minimum levels of about 40% of day 0-levels around 1-2 days p.i. No clear pattern of changes in albumin levels could be identified. One pig, showing clinical signs on day 2 only, also showed an APP response, although of a relatively short duration, whereas three pigs presenting clinical signs for several days had a more protracted acute phase response. Remarkably, the one pig showing no clinical signs and no arthritic lesions showed an APP response comparable to that of the other, clinically affected pigs. Thus, both acute clinical and subclinical S. suis infection could be revealed by the measurement of one or more of the APPs CRP, SAA, Hp, pig-MAP and Apo A-I. of two or three APPs, including proteins with slow and fast kinetics, should be used to achieve the highest sensitivity for the detection of ongoing S. suis infection during a prolonged time period. A diagnostic tool based on such APP-measurements could considerably improve strategic control procedures for this important infection. #

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Section: Pathological and Microbiological Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The porcine acute phase protein response to acute clinical and subclinical experimental infection with Streptococcus suis

Sørensen

Tegtmeier

Andresen

et al. 2006

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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“…15,33,34 Blood cultures are also occasionally utilised in cattle for diagnosing bacteraemia in the presence of suspected neonatal sepsis, bacterial meningitis-meningoencephalitis, coliform mastitis, puerperal metritis and bacterial endocarditis. [36][37][38][39][40] Again, there are various collection techniques described in the literature, with collection of a single sample of approximately 30 ml of blood obtained via jugular venipuncture the most frequently utilised protocol [36][37][38][39][40]…”

Section: Other Veterinary Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine blood cultures: Can we do better?

Giancola

Hart

2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Blood culture is considered the gold standard test for documenting bacteraemia in patients with suspected bacterial sepsis in veterinary and human medicine. However, blood culture often fails to yield bacterial growth even though the clinical picture is strongly suggestive of bacterial sepsis, or contaminating organisms can overgrow the true pathogen, making accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of this lifethreatening condition very challenging. Methodology for collecting blood cultures in equine medicine, and even in human hospitals, is not standardised, and many variables can affect the yield and type of microorganisms cultured. Microbiological culture techniques used in the laboratory and specific sample collection techniques, including volume of blood collected, aseptic technique utilised, and the site, timing and frequency of sample collection, all have substantial impact on the accuracy of blood culture results. In addition, patient-specific factors such as husbandry factors, the anatomical site of the primary infection, and changing microflora in different geographic locations, also can impact blood cultures. Thus, blood cultures obtained in practice may not always accurately define the presence or absence of, or specific organisms causing, bacteraemia in horses and foals with suspected sepsis. Erroneous blood culture results can lead to inappropriate antimicrobial use, which can result in poor outcomes for individual patients and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance in the patient's microflora and the environmental microcosm. This review summarises current indications and methodology, and specific factors that may be optimised, for equine blood culture, with particular focus on available literature from neonatal foals with suspected bacterial sepsis. To standardise and optimise blood culture techniques in horses and foals, future research in this area should be aimed at determining the optimal volume of blood that should be collected for culture, and the ideal site, timing, and frequency of sample collection.

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“…6,8,9) that received high doses of bacteria developed muscular fasciculations and salivation immediately after inoculation or within the first hour postinoculation (PI). These signs were accompanied by a febrile response, which peaked at 40.1 and 41.4 C 4-5 hours PI (cow Nos.…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples were treated and examined for the presence of B. licheniformis following incubation for 1, 7, and 14 days, as described previously. 9 Live-born calves of cow Nos. 1-3, 8, and 9 were also examined by blood culture.…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Infection of Pregnant Cows with Bacillus licheniformis Bacteria

Agerholm¹,

Jensen²,

Dantzer³

et al. 1999

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. To study the abortifacient potential and fetoplacental tropism of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria, eight cows in the sixth to eighth month of gestation were inoculated intravenously either once (n ϭ 4) or on four successive days (n ϭ 4) with B. licheniformis at doses ranging from 10 9 to 10 12 colony-forming units. Cows were euthanatized and necropsied prior to abortion (n ϭ 2), at the time of abortion (n ϭ 2), or at calving (n ϭ 4). Live-born calves (n ϭ 5) were euthanatized immediately after delivery and necropsied. B. licheniformis was reisolated from placentomes/endometrium in six of eight (75%) cows and from one fetus aborted 43 days after inoculation. Lesions associated with B. licheniformis were restricted to the pregnant uterus, with the exception of one cow, which developed pneumonia. Necrosis in the fetal compartment of the placenta were present in three of four (75%) cows of both inoculation groups. Lesions were mainly restricted to fetal membranes and especially to the fetal side of the placentomes. Necrosis and diffuse neutrophil infiltrations of both villi and intervillous areas occurred in the fetal part of the placenta, and the placentomal interface was distended by bacteria, neutrophils, erythrocytes, and debris. Within trophoblasts, bacteria were located both free in the cytoplasm and in cytoplasmatic vesicles. Inflammation was present in three of eight (38%) calves. Placental and fetal lesions were similar to those found in cases of spontaneous abortions associated with B. licheniformis. The abortifacient potential of B. licheniformis and the tropism for the bovine placenta is demonstrated here for the first time.

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Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of blood cultures from cattle clinically suspected of bacterial endocarditis

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The porcine acute phase protein response to acute clinical and subclinical experimental infection with Streptococcus suis

The porcine acute phase protein response to acute clinical and subclinical experimental infection with Streptococcus suis

Equine blood cultures: Can we do better?

Experimental Infection of Pregnant Cows with Bacillus licheniformis Bacteria

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