Sensitivity study on the effects of hydrosol size and composition on linear polarization in absorbing and nonabsorbing clear and semi-turbid waters

Lerner, Amit; Shashar, Nadav; Haspel, Carynelisa

doi:10.1364/josaa.29.002394

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, the Mie and geometric pattern would be the dominant one under the condition that the atmosphere with relatively high concentrations of micro and above sized aerosols. It is noticed that the Mie scattering are dramatically different from that for the Rayleigh and geometric scattering [ 12 , 21 , 23 ]. The polarized portion of the Rayleigh scattered components are always polarized perpendicular to the scattering plane [ 11 , 12 ], while the polarized component of the Mie scattering results can potentially be polarized either parallel or perpendicular to the scattering plane [ 12 , 21 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noticed that the Mie scattering are dramatically different from that for the Rayleigh and geometric scattering [ 12 , 21 , 23 ]. The polarized portion of the Rayleigh scattered components are always polarized perpendicular to the scattering plane [ 11 , 12 ], while the polarized component of the Mie scattering results can potentially be polarized either parallel or perpendicular to the scattering plane [ 12 , 21 , 23 ]. If some of the AOP measurements are parallel to the scattering plane which is determined by the observer, the celestial point observed and the sun, the relationship between the AOP measurement and the azimuth of the sun would be uncertain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous theoretical and experimental investigations have focused on the subject [ 7 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Additionally, the underwater polarization patterns of skylight have been researched in many literatures [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Clear sky polarization patterns are generally consistent with the results calculated by the single-scattering Rayleigh theory apart from regions near the sun, anti-sun and neutral points [ 11 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of Skylight Polarization Patterns for Navigation

Zhang

et al. 2015

Sensors

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Skylight polarization provides a significant navigation cue for certain polarization-sensitive animals. However, the precision of the angle of polarization (AOP) of skylight for vehicle orientation is not clear. An evaluation of AOP must be performed before it is utilized. This paper reports an evaluation of AOP of skylight by measuring the skylight polarization patterns of clear and cloudy skies using a full-sky imaging polarimetry system. AOP measurements of skylight are compared with the pattern calculated by the single-scattering Rayleigh model and these differences are quantified. The relationship between the degree of polarization (DOP) and the deviation of AOP of skylight is thoroughly studied. Based on these, a solar meridian extracted method is presented. The results of experiments reveal that the DOP is a key parameter to indicate the accuracy of AOP measurements, and all the output solar meridian orientations extracted by our method in both clear and cloudy skies can achieve a high accuracy for vehicle orientation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of Skylight Polarization Patterns for Navigation

Zhang

et al. 2015

Sensors

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“…Oceanic particles vary greatly in size and morphology. While the Lorenz-Mie theory has been used frequently to simulate the optical properties of oceanic particles (e.g., [1][2][3][4][5]), these particles are predominately nonspherical. Significant differences exist in the optical properties simulated by using "equivalent" spheres and non-spherical shapes, such as spheroids (e.g., [6]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review of Mueller Matrix Calculations Associated with Oceanic Particles

et al. 2018

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The complete Stokes vector contains much more information than the radiance of light for the remote sensing of the ocean. Unlike the conventional radiance-only radiative transfer simulations, a full Mueller matrix-Stokes vector treatment provides a rigorous and correct approach for solving the transfer of radiation in a scattering medium, such as the atmosphere-ocean system. In fact, radiative transfer simulation without considering the polarization state always gives incorrect results and the extent of the errors induced depends on a particular application being considered. However, the rigorous approach that fully takes the polarization state into account requires the knowledge of the complete single-scattering properties of oceanic particles with various sizes, morphologies, and refractive indices. For most oceanic particles, the comparisons between simulations and observations have demonstrated that the “equivalent-spherical” approximation is inadequate. We will therefore briefly summarize the advantages and disadvantages of a number of light scattering methods for non-spherical particles. Furthermore, examples for canonical cases with specifically oriented particles and randomly oriented particles will be illustrated.

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“…Light in natural waters is partially linearly polarized by refraction at the surface and by scattering by water molecules and suspended matter such as sand, minerals, zooplankton and phytoplankton 1 2 . Very near the surface, partial linear polarization can reach maximum levels of 50–60%, both inside and outside of Snell’s window, decreasing to a maximum of 40% at depths >100 m along some lines of sight 3 4 5 .…”

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confidence: 99%

The copepod Calanus spp. (Calanidae) is repelled by polarized light

Lerner

Browman

2016

Sci Rep

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Both attraction and repulsion from linearly polarized light have been observed in zooplankton. A dichotomous choice experiment, consisting of plankton light traps deployed in natural waters at a depth of 30 m that projected either polarized or unpolarized light of the same intensity, was used to test the hypothesis that the North Atlantic copepod, Calanus spp., is linearly polarotactic. In addition, the transparency of these copepods, as they might be seen by polarization insensitive vs. sensitive visual systems, was measured. Calanus spp. exhibited negative polarotaxis with a preference ratio of 1.9:1. Their transparency decreased from 80% to 20% to 30% in the unpolarized, partially polarized, and electric (e-) vector orientation domains respectively - that is, these copepods would appear opaque and conspicuous to a polarization-sensitive viewer looking at them under conditions rich in polarized light. Since the only difference between the two plankton traps was the polarization cue, we conclude that Calanus spp. are polarization sensitive and exhibit negative polarotaxis at low light intensities (albeit well within the sensitivity range reported for copepods). We hypothesize that Calanus spp. can use polarization vision to reduce their risk of predation by polarization-sensitive predators and suggest that this be tested in future experiments.

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Sensitivity study on the effects of hydrosol size and composition on linear polarization in absorbing and nonabsorbing clear and semi-turbid waters

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

An Evaluation of Skylight Polarization Patterns for Navigation

An Evaluation of Skylight Polarization Patterns for Navigation

A Brief Review of Mueller Matrix Calculations Associated with Oceanic Particles

The copepod Calanus spp. (Calanidae) is repelled by polarized light

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