Sensitivity to Expectancy Violations in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Davie, Juliet E.; Azuma, Tamiko; Goldinger, Stephen D.; Connor, Donald J.; Sabbagh, Marwan N.; Silverberg, Nina

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.2.269

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Items in these domains tap high-level functional abilities that require foresight, planning, organization, reasoning and initiation among other complex mental skills. The finding that the MCI group had difficulty in these functional domains is also consistent with the growing body of neuropsychologic literature showing subtle executive deficits in MCI, [18][19][20] and neuroimaging studies implicating dysfunction of frontal lobe regions. 21,22 Our results, showing significant functional changes particularly in the areas of everyday function heavily dependent on memory and high-level executive functions, are very similar to the conclusion drawn by Perneczky and colleagues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

MCI is Associated With Deficits in Everyday Functioning

Farias

Mungas²,

Reed³

et al. 2006

Alzheimer Disease &Amp; Associated Disorders

258

225

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the types of impairments in everyday function that accompany mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Data for this study was collected from 434 individuals consecutively evaluated at a university-based Alzheimer's Center. A total of 96 participants were diagnosed with MCI, 105 were cognitively normal, and 233 had dementia. Informant ratings of participants' abilities were obtained across different functional domains reflecting everyday abilities related to memory, language, visual spatial abilities, planning, organization, and divided attention. As expected, the demented group was significantly more impaired than the healthy control and MCI groups across all of the functional domains. The MCI group also showed significantly more functional impairment relative to healthy controls in all of the functional domains. Examination of the effect sizes as a measure of the magnitude of functional impairment in the MCI groups relative to controls showed that the greatest degree of impairment occurred within the Everyday Memory domain. The current findings suggest that individuals with MCI demonstrate deficits in a wide range of everyday functions but that the magnitude of these changes is greatest for those functional abilities that rely heavily on memory. Keywords mild cognitive impairment (MCI); dementia; functional impairmentThe cognitive changes associated with degenerative dementias such as Alzheimer disease (AD) result in progressive declines in the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). 1,2 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a syndrome intermediate to normality and dementia, has become increasingly well defined and extensively studied as a prodrome to and predictor of dementia. 3 Although numerous studies have examined functional impairments in dementia, far less research has focused on functional change in MCI. The International Working Group on MCI recently noted that there is currently very little known about which aspects of everyday function are affected in MCI. 4 The initial diagnostic criteria for MCI specified intact or "only slightly abnormal ADL. 3 " However, functional change presumably occurs over the course of MCI because it is precisely such cumulative change that leads to eventual conversion to dementia. A few recent studies have, in fact, suggested that mild changes in daily functioning can be detected in MCI groups. 5,6 At present, the natural history of functional change between normal aging and dementia is undefined. This leaves guidelines for rating functional change in MCI The detection of change in everyday function in MCI is dependent on the method of assessment, more so than in dementia where these changes are severe and pervasive. It has been well established that functional impairments in dementia follow a gradient, such that basic self-care activities (eg, eating, dressing, grooming) are affected after higher order functional abilities become impaired. 8,9 Thus, when investigating changes in everyday function associated with MCI ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

MCI is Associated With Deficits in Everyday Functioning

Farias

Mungas²,

Reed³

et al. 2006

Alzheimer Disease &Amp; Associated Disorders

258

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A related goal was to determine whether judgment is compromised in preclinical disease stages. Although episodic memory impairment is the hallmark feature of MCI, research has revealed mild declines in executive functioning as well (Crowell et al, 2002;Davie et al, 2004;Rabin et al, 2006;Ready, Ott, Grace, & Cahn-Weiner, 2003). The MCI group showed an intermediate level of performance relative to the HC and AD groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Judgment in older adults: Development and psychometric evaluation of the Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J)

Rabin

Borgos²,

Saykin³

et al. 2007

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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This article reports on the development and validation of a novel, objective test of judgment for use with older adults. The Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J) is an open-ended measure that evaluates judgment related to safety, medical, social/ethical, and financial issues. Psychometric features were examined in a sample of 134 euthymic individuals with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or cognitive complaints but intact neuropsychological performance (CC), and demographically-matched healthy controls (HC). Measures of reliability were adequate to high, and TOP-J scores correlated with select measures of executive functioning, language, and memory. AD participants obtained impaired TOP-J scores relative to HCs, while MCI and CC participants showed an intermediate level of performance. Confirmatory factor analyses were consistent with a unidimensional structure. Results encourage further development of the TOP-J as an indicator of practical judgment skills in clinical and research settings. Longitudinal assessments are being performed to examine predictive validity of the TOP-J for cognitive progression in our clinical groups.Judgment can be defined as the capacity to assess situations and draw sound conclusions after careful consideration of the relevant circumstances. From a neuropsychological perspective, judgment falls under the domain of executive functioning (Woods, Patterson, & Whitehouse, 2000) and includes both a cognitive appraisal process (i.e., determining what to do in a situation) and the behavioral follow-through (i.e., engaging in the adaptive/safe behavior). Numerous processes are involved in the execution of good judgment including generating appropriate strategies to approach a problem, identifying suitable goals, shifting from one idea to another, evaluating the potential consequences of different courses of action, inhibiting inappropriate responses, initiating and carrying out purposeful behavior, and monitoring the progress and effectiveness of a chosen solution. In the absence of practiced routines for solving problems in unstructured situations, individuals with compromised executive functioning may exercise poor judgment for a variety or reasons. For example, they may make impulsive decisions based on inadequate exploration of pertinent issues, fixate on a single solution due to compromised mental flexibility, or fail to consider the long-term consequences of their solutions (Channon, 2004;Thornton & Dumke, 2005;Woods et al., 2000). NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptIn addition to executive functioning, judgment relies upon other cognitive processes including aspects of memory and language. For example, when making difficult decisions it is often useful to call to mind relevant past experiences and practical knowledge. Additionally, successful problem solving and good judgment rely upon the ability to comprehend complex aspects of verbal and non-verbal language and effectively communicate one's decisio...

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“…In this context, larger LRP amplitudes were associated with less successful inhibitory control [30], [34]. Given that amnestic MCI patients showed decreased inhibitory control in several studies [35], [36], differences in LRP amplitude between the two groups of amnestic MCI patients and healthy participants may be expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Electrophysiological Correlates of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Simon Task

2013

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Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) represents a prodromal stage of Alzheimer`s disease (AD), especially when additional cognitive domains are affected (Petersen et al., 2009). Thus, single-domain amnestic MCI (sdaMCI) and multiple-domain-amnestic MCI (mdaMCI) biomarkers are important for enabling early interventions to help slow down progression of the disease. Recording event-related potentials (ERPs) is a non-invasive and inexpensive measure of brain activity associated with cognitive processes, and it is of interest from a clinical point of view. The ERP technique may also be useful for obtaining early sdaMCI and mdaMCI biomarkers because ERPs are sensitive to impairment in processes that are not manifested at behavioral or clinical levels. In the present study, EEG activity was recorded in 25 healthy participants and 30 amnestic MCI patients (17 sdaMCI and 13 mdaMCI) while they performed a Simon task. The ERPs associated with visuospatial (N2 posterior-contralateral – N2pc -) and motor (lateralized readiness potential – LRP –) processes were examined. The N2pc amplitude was smaller in participants with mdaMCI than in healthy participants, which indicated a decline in the correlates of allocation of attentional resources to the target stimulus. In addition, N2pc amplitude proved to be a moderately good biomarker of mdaMCI subtype (0.77 sensitivity, 0.76 specificity). However, the LRP amplitude was smaller in the two MCI groups (sdaMCI and mdaMCI) than in healthy participants, revealing a reduction in the motor resources available to execute the response in sdaMCI and mdaMCI patients. Furthermore, the LRP amplitude proved to be a valid biomarker (0.80 sensitivity, 0.92 specificity) of both amnestic MCI subtypes.

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Sensitivity to Expectancy Violations in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

MCI is Associated With Deficits in Everyday Functioning

MCI is Associated With Deficits in Everyday Functioning

Judgment in older adults: Development and psychometric evaluation of the Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J)

Electrophysiological Correlates of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Simon Task

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