2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572472
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Sensitization of Human and Rat Nociceptors by Low Dose Morphine is TLR4-dependent

Eugen V. Khomula,
Jon D. Levine

Abstract: While opioids remain amongst the most effective treatments for moderate-to-severe pain, their substantial side effect profile remains a major limitation to broader clinical use. One such side effect is opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), which includes a transition from opioid-induced analgesia to pain enhancement. Evidence in rodents supports the suggestion that OIH may be produced by the action of opioids at Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) either on immune cells that, in turn, produce pronociceptive mediators to … Show more

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