Sensitizing capacity of <scp>D</scp>isperse <scp>O</scp>range 1 and its potential metabolites from azo reduction and their cross‐reactivity pattern

Malinauskienė, Laura; Zimerson, Erik; Bruze, Magnus; Ryberg, Kristina; Isaksson, Marléne

doi:10.1111/cod.12078

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Which is the link between TDM 6.6% and these extracts that gave positive test reactions in the individuals who all had tested positive to TDM 6.6% prior to this study. There is a possibility that the disperse azo dyes in TDM 6.6%, when present on human skin, can be split into the corresponding aromatic amines, by commensal skin bacteria, and that these metabolites could have structural similarities to molecules in the extracts, and this could be one explanation to the positive reactions in the nine individuals 12,13 . Furthermore, unidentified substances in the extracts could occur as impurities in the TDM 6.6% and simultaneous reactions could be explained by concomitant sensitization or cross‐reactivity 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch test results to extracts of synthetic garments in textile dye positive patients

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Disperse dyes (DDs) are the most prevalent causes of textile‐related allergic contact dermatitis and are used for colouring synthetic textile materials based on fibres such as polyester, acrylic, acetate and polyamide. Eight DDs are included in a textile dye mix (TDM) 6.6% petrolatum (pet.) in the European baseline patch test series. Objectives The aim of this study was to patch test TDM 6.6% pet. positive individuals with the extracts of synthetic fibre clothes that do not contain any of the pure DDs present in the TDM 6.6% to study the reactivity pattern. Methods Seventy‐three TDM‐positive former patients tested between 2012 and 2017 at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology in Malmö, Sweden were invited to join the study, 10 participated. Twenty‐four textile items (collected in nine countries in Europe, Asia and North America in 2012) were extracted in dichloromethane. The TDM 6.6% was patch tested simultaneously with the 24 textile item preparations in petrolatum made from the extracts. Prior to patch testing the participants filled the 7‐question questionnaire regarding possible symptoms from textile exposure. Results Ten individuals, agreed to join the study. Eight of them reacted to TDM 6.6%. Nine participants reacted to 20 of 24 extracts. One reacted to 19 extracts, another to 14, 3 to 5 extracts, 1 to 4, 1 to 3 extracts and 2 to 2 extracts. One was negative to all tested preparations including TDM 6.6%. The participants mainly reacted to six textile extracts. All controls tested negatively to tested extracts. Four individuals of the 10 TDM‐allergic individuals previously had had problems after wearing clothes. Four out of the 10 participants had had atopic eczema in childhood. All women had dyed their hair with permanent hair dyes but none of the males. Conclusion TDM‐positive patients react to textile extracts made from synthetic garments, even if they do not contain any of the pure DDs present in TDM 6.6%. More studies are needed to pin‐point the culprit haptens in these extracts.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch test results to extracts of synthetic garments in textile dye positive patients

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The observed reaction pattern confirms the relationship between azo dyes and para‐amino compounds. The relationship between metabolic products from PPD and disperse dyes, especially Disperse Orange 3, resulting in cross‐reactions is well known . However, PPD cannot be used as a stand‐alone marker for disperse dye sensitization .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by textile dyes mimicking atopic dermatitis

Mohamoud

Andersen

2017

Contact Dermatitis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Therefore, this study using Raman spectroscopy and patch tests with PPD do not support the 'metabolism theory', which claims that amines produced from the breakdown of azo chemicals are the relevant allergens in tattoo reactions. In textile allergy, the metabolism theory failed to be confirmed by patch testing with relevant and specific PAAs (10,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch test study of 90 patients with tattoo reactions: Negative outcome of allergy patch test to baseline batteries and culprit inks suggests allergen(s) are generated in the skin through haptenization

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The allergen or allergens responsible for tattoo reactions are not present directly in tattoo ink stock products. This is despite the fact that clinical histories suggest that the vast majority of clinical reactions, especially reactions to red and red nuances, are likely to be allergic events caused by the injected inks. We suggest that the responsible allergen results from a complicated and slow process of haptenization, which may even include photochemical cleavage of red azo pigment.

show abstract

Sensitizing capacity of Disperse Orange 1 and its potential metabolites from azo reduction and their cross‐reactivity pattern

Abstract: The results indicate that patients sensitized primarily to Disperse Orange 1 will also react to PADPA, which can be found mainly in hair dyes. PPD, 4-nitroaniline, 4-aminoacetanilide, 2-amino-p-cresol and Disperse Yellow 3 did not show any cross-reactivity with Disperse Orange 1 or PADPA.

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Patch test results to extracts of synthetic garments in textile dye positive patients

Patch test results to extracts of synthetic garments in textile dye positive patients

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by textile dyes mimicking atopic dermatitis

Patch test study of 90 patients with tattoo reactions: Negative outcome of allergy patch test to baseline batteries and culprit inks suggests allergen(s) are generated in the skin through haptenization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About