“…The great limitation of dehydrogenase-based systems in general, and NAD + -dehydrogenase-based systems, in particular, is that, in contrast to oxidases, which have redox cofactors tighly bound to the enzyme, the cofactors are not bound to the enzyme, and it is necessary to add them to perform each determination [1]. In fact, most of dehydrogenase-based biosensors involve the addition of NAD + cofactor to the supporting electrolyte [5][6][7][8][9][10], but it makes the determination time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, new strategies are required for the construction of reagentless dehydrogenase-based electrochemical biosensors in which both, the enzyme and NAD + , are effectively immobilized onto the electrode in such a way that the cofactor has easy acces to the enzyme.…”