“…When surveying in shallow waters or at close range to the seafloor, optical sensors are a preferable alternative to sonar as they can operate at higher resolutions but are limited in range (due to the attention of light), therefore requiring many images to be captured to cover a single site. Most optical underwater surveying approaches use mosaicing methods (Foley et al, 2009;Ludvigsen, Sortland, 626 • Journal of Field Robotics-2017Johnsen, & Singh, 2007Rzhanov, Cutter, & Huff, 2001), to combine many images into a single spatially contiguous two-dimensional (2D) representation of the environment. Mosaics are useful for visualizing data at scales larger than a single image, but most existing approaches in the literature ignore the 3D structure of the scene (for example, (Pizarro & Singh, 2003)), resulting in geometric distortion and inaccuracies in the mosaic.…”