Sensor-Based Optimization of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Measurement Setup on GPU

Planning for terrestrial laser scanning in construction: A review

“…[27,48,49] and [51] all discarded the LOA criterion in their framework. A number of other scan planning approaches [18,23,33,50,52,53,87], and [89] took the LOA criterion into account indirectly using a simple model based on incidence angle α and/or range thresholding (e.g. discard any portion of a line segment for which α ą 70 0 ).…”

“…Chen et al [88] utilised sweepray algorithm to satisfy LOD along with LOA as part of the visibility check on line targets. Notably, while [27,48,87] and [88] considered both range and incidence angle to indirectly assess LOD (which is shown by a Ś (big) in LOD column in Table 2), the other studies follow a less robust approach by not explicitly considering LOD but by only considering either one [49,51,18,50] or both of the range and the incidence angle [23,88,89,52,33,53] as part of their visibility check. [49,51] only considered range, while [18,50] considered incident angle only.…”

“…In a different approach, although not explicitly mentioned as LOD, Giorgini et al [89] defined a 2D cell grid that includes a set of line segments representing elements only above the scanner height, considered as the ground. They then estimate the number of horizontal scan lines in each cell and propose a new function so called 'ground coverage function' for every scan station (location).…”

“…They then estimate the number of horizontal scan lines in each cell and propose a new function so called 'ground coverage function' for every scan station (location). Ground coverage is calculated as the ratio between the difference of the vertical angles of the outer beams that hit the cell, and the vertical angular resolution (refer to [89] for the formula). Although the approach does not assess explicitly LOD, the coverage function addresses LOD in some way.…”

“…Table 2 shows that only one of the approaches designed for a 3D input model takes into account overlap [49]. All the other approaches that account for registrability in their constraints are those designed for a 2D (CAD) input model and line targets [87,88,33,52,89]. In [88] and [33], the authors' proposed algorithm embeds the overlap constraint as a constraint within the optimisation algorithm.…”