“…Due to the development of neuroscience and information science as well as new materials and sensors, a series of robotic hands and their learning and control methods are designed and proposed. Among them, on the one hand, mimicking the perception, sensor-motor control and development structures, mechanisms and materials of the human hand is a promising way, such as flexible and stretchable skins, multimodal fusion, and synergy control (Gerratt et al, 2014 ; Ficuciello et al, 2019 ; Su et al, 2021 ). On the other hand, deep learning based representation learning, adaptive control concerning uncertainties, learning-based manipulation methods, such as deep convolutional neural network (CNN), reinforcement learning, imitation learning, and meta-learning (Rajeswaran et al, 2017 ; Yu et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2019a ; Nagabandi et al, 2019 ; Su et al, 2020 ), show significant superiority for robotic movement and manipulation learning and adaptation.…”