Sensorimotor Integration by Corticospinal System

Moreno-López, Yunuen; Olivares-Moreno, Rafael; Cordero-Erausquin, Matilde; Rojas-Piloni, Gerardo

doi:10.3389/fnana.2016.00024

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Disregarding the fact that the different components of CST are involved in different functions (Lemon and Griffith 2005) and activate different sets of spinal interneurons (Ralston and Ralston 1985;Moreno-López et al 2016), considerations on the timing of corticospinal activation suggests 2 scenarios in motor control.…”

Section: Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Cortico-descending Projections: Histological and Diffusion MRI Characterization in the Monkey

et al. 2018

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The axonal composition of cortical projections originating in premotor, supplementary motor (SMA), primary motor (a4), somatosensory and parietal areas and descending towards the brain stem and spinal cord was characterized in the monkey with histological tract tracing, electron microscopy (EM) and diffusion MRI (dMRI). These 3 approaches provided complementary information. Histology provided accurate assessment of axonal diameters and size of synaptic boutons. dMRI revealed the topography of the projections (tractography), notably in the internal capsule. From measurements of axon diameters axonal conduction velocities were computed. Each area communicates with different diameter axons and this generates a hierarchy of conduction delays in this order: a4 (the shortest), SMA, premotor (F7), parietal, somatosensory, premotor F4 (the longest). We provide new interpretations for i) the well-known different anatomical and electrophysiological estimates of conduction velocity; ii) why conduction delays are probably an essential component of the cortical motor command; and iii) how histological and dMRI tractography can be integrated.

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Section: Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Cortico-descending Projections: Histological and Diffusion MRI Characterization in the Monkey

et al. 2018

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“…The CST integrates cortical and lower brain processing centers in the motor system, has an important role in modulating sensory information, and may be particularly relevant to motor hyperactivity in ADHD. 46 Altered modulation of sensory information could potentially be involved in HI remission, as the CST contains fibers running from the primary motor, premotor, supplementary motor, somatosensory, parietal and cingulate cortex to the spine and is thus involved in the control of complex voluntary distal movements. 47 Correspondingly, the persistence of HI could, indeed, result in increased FA in CST through time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between ADHD symptom remission and white matter microstructure: a longitudinal analysis

Leenders¹,

Damatac²,

Soheili-Nezhad³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ObjectiveAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with white matter (WM) microstructure. Our objective was to investigate how WM microstructure is longitudinally related to symptom remission in adolescents and young adults with ADHD.MethodWe obtained diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data from 99 participants at two time points (mean age baseline: 16.91 years, mean age follow-up: 20.57 years). We used voxel-wise Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) with permutation-based inference to investigate associations of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) symptom change with fractional anisotropy (FA) at baseline, follow-up, and change difference between time points.ResultsRemission of combined HI and IA symptoms was significantly associated with reduced FA at follow-up in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and the left corticospinal tract (CST) (PFWE=0.038 and PFWE=0.044, respectively), mainly driven by an association between HI remission and follow-up CST FA (PFWE=0.049). There was no significant association of combined symptom remission with FA at baseline or with changes in FA between the two assessments.ConclusionIn this longitudinal DWI study of ADHD using dimensional symptom scores, we show that greater symptom remission is associated with lower follow-up FA in specific WM tracts. Altered FA thus may appear to follow, rather than precede, changes in symptom remission. Our findings indicate divergent WM developmental trajectories between individuals with persistent and remittent ADHD, and support the role of prefrontal and sensorimotor tracts in the remission of ADHD.

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“…To our knowledge, our study is the first to bring insight on sensorimotor integration in the trunk motor cortex. This is of fundamental importance since many studies have demonstrated that sensory feedback to the motor cortex is critical during locomotion and recovery of function after spinal cord injury (2,35,53,(62)(63)(64) Indeed, low amplitude tactile stimulation of dorsal trunk did not impact trunk M1. On the other hand, high amplitude stimulation of both the forelimbs and hindlimbs, conveying proprioceptive information, did reach trunk M1.…”

Section: Integration Of Sensorimotor Information Within Trunk M1 Is Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trunk sensory and motor cortex is preferentially integrated with hindlimb sensory information that supports trunk stabilization

Nandakumar

Blumenthal

Pauzin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Sensorimotor integration in the trunk system has been poorly studied despite its importance for examining functional recovery after neurological injury or disease. Here, we mapped the relationship between thoracic dorsal root ganglia and trunk sensory cortex (S1) to create a detailed map of the extent and internal organization of trunk primary sensory cortex, and trunk primary motor cortex (M1) and showed that both cortices are somatotopically complex structures that are larger than previously described. Surprisingly, projections from trunk S1 to trunk M1 were not anatomically organized. We found relatively weak sensorimotor integration between trunk M1 and S1 and between trunk M1 and forelimb S1 compared to extensive integration between trunk M1 and hindlimb S1 and M1. This strong trunk/hindlimb connection was identified for high intensity stimuli that activated proprioceptive pathways. To assess the implication of this integration, the responses in sensorimotor cortex were examined during a postural control task and supported sensorimotor integration between hindlimb sensory and lower trunk motor cortex. Together, these data suggest that trunk M1 is guided predominately by hindlimb proprioceptive information that reached the cortex directly via the thalamus. This unique sensorimotor integration suggests an essential role for the trunk system in postural control, and its consideration could be important for understanding studies regarding recovery of function after spinal cord injury.SignificanceThis work identifies extensive sensorimotor integration between trunk and hindlimb cortices, demonstrating that sensorimotor integration is an operational mode of the trunk cortex in intact animals. The functional role of this integration was demonstrated for postural control when the animal was subjected to lateral tilts. Furthermore, these results provide insight into cortical reorganization after spinal cord injury making clear that sensorimotor integration after SCI is an attempt to restore sensorimotor integration that existed in the intact system. These results could be used to tailor rehabilitative strategies to optimize sensorimotor integration for functional recovery.

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Sensorimotor Integration by Corticospinal System

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Diversity of Cortico-descending Projections: Histological and Diffusion MRI Characterization in the Monkey

Diversity of Cortico-descending Projections: Histological and Diffusion MRI Characterization in the Monkey

Associations between ADHD symptom remission and white matter microstructure: a longitudinal analysis

Trunk sensory and motor cortex is preferentially integrated with hindlimb sensory information that supports trunk stabilization

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