Sensorimotor Rhythm Neurofeedback Enhances Golf Putting Performance

Cheng, Ming-Yang; Huang, Chung Ju; Chang, Yu Kai; Koester, Dirk; Schack, Thomas; Hung, Tsung Min

doi:10.1123/jsep.2015-0166

Cited by 70 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The results showed that superior shooting performance was related to higher power in 12e15 Hz at the sensorimotor area whereas the neighboring frequency bands remained indifferent. The frequency specificity of the SMR power in skilled motor performance is in agreement with previous studies (Cheng et al, 2015a), which suggests a negative relationship between SMR and the variability in the movement preparation and supports the notion that the sensorimotor cortex may serve as a specific brain area for processing the most relevant cognitive information during air-pistol shooting performance. The finding of no significant cortico-cortical communication between Cz and other electrodes along with the notion that the sensorimotor area is a key region for processing motor interference information (Kober et al, 2015;Sterman, 1996) and pure motor information (Hatfield & Hillman, 2001, pp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Furthermore, neurofeedback training (NFT) aimed at increasing SMR power resulted in improved golf putting performance (Cheng et al, 2015a). The beneficial effects of less variability in the movement preparation by augmented SMR NFT supports previous findings of lower cortical communication between Fz and T3 at high alpha range (Deeny, Hillman, Janelle, & Hatfield, 2003), suggesting more refined processing regarding motor execution.…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

“…Therefore, psychomotor efficiency could be considered as a part of the optimal performance categorized by the MAP model, indicating that the degree of perceived control separates the Type 1 (Efficient processing) performance from the Type 2 (Effortful processing) performance (Bortoli, Bertollo, Hanin, & Robazza, 2012;Robazza, Bertollo, Filho, Hanin, & Bortoli, 2016). As previous studies have shown that alpha coherence is related to top-down processing, which might converge the sensory input from multiple areas (Von Stein & Sarnthein, 2000), our study indicates that examining SMR power is prospective and influential for understanding the psychomotor processing in precision sports (Cheng et al, 2015b(Cheng et al, , 2015a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…phase of preparation was linked with better performance output in dart-throwing (Cheng et al, 2015b) and golf putting (Cheng et al, 2015a). Collectively, these results suggest that lower sensorimotor processing decreased interference with visual processing (Sterman, 1996), indicating a lower complexity during motor performance, which could strengthen cognitive performance by improving attentional processing (Kober et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Higher power of sensorimotor rhythm is associated with better performance in skilled air-pistol shooters

Cheng

Wang

Hung

et al. 2017

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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a b s t r a c tObjectives: Psychomotor efficiency has been linked with processing efficiency during sport performance. Reduced cortical activity in the sensorimotor area has been related to less variability in the movement preparation that is conducive to skilled motor performance. This study proposes sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), 12e15 Hz of the electroencephalography (EEG) in the sensorimotor area, may be used to investigate psychomotor efficiency in sports performance. Method: Twenty-four skilled air pistol shooters were recruited to fire 40 shots while EEG and shooting accuracy were recorded. Results: The data show that improved performance of skilled shooters is associated with higher SMR power during the last second and lower coherence on high alpha power at Fz-T3 before action initiation. A negative relationship is also exhibited between the SMR power and the shooting performance during the aiming. Conclusions: This finding suggests that reduced interference from sensorimotor processing, as reflected by elevated SMR power, may be related to improved processing efficiency during the aiming period. We conclude that SMR may be used to understand psychomotor efficiency underlying air-pistol shooting performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

supporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Higher power of sensorimotor rhythm is associated with better performance in skilled air-pistol shooters

Cheng

Wang

Hung

et al. 2017

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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“…Adjacent frequency bands can be altered by NFT as well [7]. Cheng et al [5] were able to demonstrate the frequency band specificity of NFT by showing the lack of significant change on flanking frequency bands (theta, alpha, low beta, and high beta) after eight sessions of augmented SMR NFT in a golf putting task. However, the differences in the type of learning, attention, motivation, effort, reinforcement monitoring, etc., which may affect the activity of flanking bands during training.…”

Section: Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Sensorimotor Rhythm on Sport Performance Enhancement

Cheng¹

2017

RISM

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OpinionNeurofeedback training (NFT) offers insight into how the mind works. NFT is a technique to maintain electroencephalography (EEG) within an optimal zone that has been related to a desirable behavior by the audio or visual feedback in real time. The basic assumption of EEG NFT is: change the EEG, change the behavior [1].Sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) is a special category of EEG frequency observed in the motor cortex and the activity is inversely related to the activity of the sensorimotor cortex [2]. Higher SMR power is associated with the improved processing efficiency in superior performance. Recent evidence has shown that higher SMR power reflects the superior dart-throwing performance in skilled dart throwing players compared to novices [3]. Similarly, Cheng et al. [4] investigated personal best and worst pistol shooting performances and found that the best performances were preceded by higher SMR power compared to the worst performances.In the direction of NFT in sport performance, augmented SMR power shows beneficial effects on golf putting performance enhancement. Cheng at al. [5] reported that pre-elite golfers improved the golf putting performance after eight times of SMR NFT, together with an increased SMR activity prior to putting execution, suggesting augmented SMR NFT may result in an improved regulation of somatosensory and sensorimotor pathways, which may lead to more efficient psychomotor [6].Several theoretical issues should be considered for the future studies. Firstly, investigation on the frequency band specificity. Adjacent frequency bands can be altered by NFT as well [7]. Cheng et al. [5] were able to demonstrate the frequency band specificity of NFT by showing the lack of significant change on flanking frequency bands (theta, alpha, low beta, and high beta) after eight sessions of augmented SMR NFT in a golf putting task. However, the differences in the type of learning, attention, motivation, effort, reinforcement monitoring, etc., which may affect the activity of flanking bands during training. Hence, future studies are recommended to record and report the EEG based on a wider spectrum recording, which can further our understanding of the effects caused by the NFT on adjacent frequency bands. Secondly, the topographical specificity.The concurrent change of cortical activity in areas other than the training site after NFT is equally important to see whether behavioral changes are closely linked to the changes generated solely from the training site. Cheng et al.[5] found a concurrent change in Pz after eight sessions of augmented SMR training at Cz for putting performance, suggesting the NFT training targeting to reduce activation of the sensorimotor cortex has spillover to affect the parietal region. It is recommended that future NFT studies examine cortical activity at not only the training site but also at adjacent sites and other more remote regions of the brain so that the cortical mechanism underlying NFT may be further understood.Other issues concerning the EEG NFT in sport perfo...

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Myeloarchitectonic plasticity in elite golf players' brains

Shao

Luo

Zhou

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Human neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that exercise influences the cortical structural plasticity as indexed by gray or white matter volume. It remains elusive, however, whether exercise affects cortical changes at the finer‐grained myelination structure level. To answer this question, we scanned 28 elite golf players in comparison with control participants, using a novel neuroimaging technique—quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI). The data showed myeloarchitectonic plasticity in the left temporal pole of the golf players: the microstructure of this brain region of the golf players was better proliferated than that of control participants. In addition, this myeloarchitectonic plasticity was positively related to golfing proficiency. Our study has manifested that myeloarchitectonic plasticity could be induced by exercise, and thus, shed light on the potential benefits of exercise on brain health and cognitive enhancement.

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Sensorimotor Rhythm Neurofeedback Enhances Golf Putting Performance

Cited by 70 publications

References 37 publications

Higher power of sensorimotor rhythm is associated with better performance in skilled air-pistol shooters

Higher power of sensorimotor rhythm is associated with better performance in skilled air-pistol shooters

Application of Sensorimotor Rhythm on Sport Performance Enhancement

Myeloarchitectonic plasticity in elite golf players' brains

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