Sensors based on nonlinear dynamic systems — A survey

Abstract

Nonlinear systems able to develop chaotic dynamics have a tremendous potential in a large class of applications, because of the complexity of the behavior they exhibit and of the sensitivity of their operation to the process parameters. While these properties have been seen as disadvantages, the increased technical capabilities of mastering the operation of these systems and of analyzing their behavior have recently set free their potential. We survey the literature of sensors based on nonlinear dynamic systems and add to these sensors analysis. Theoretical foundations of the dynamics characterization are introduced and several tools for employing these fundamentals to the design of sensors are presented. Examples of sensors previously reported are reviewed and design considerations exposed.

Chaotic Oscillators as Inductive Sensors: Theory and Practice

“…Some authors [9,10] suggest calculating Lyapunov exponents in real time. In [5,19], other methods are investigated, such as recurrent analysis and attractor geometric parameter measurement. The mentioned methods have several disadvantages; for example, they can be implemented only on a digital computer (making it impossible to build fully analog sensors, cheap and compact) and most of them are computationally expensive.…”

Chaotic Sensors and Tags: Design and Performances

“…Maintaining constant values for all the parameters of a system except the ones that serve as sensing parameters the entire system response will depend on the selected sensing parameter or parameters. Several conditions consisting in regions in the parameter space can be monitored using this technique [17]. This makes chaotic systems most suitable for multi-sensing applications.…”

“…In the frequency domain, the amplitude of a specified harmonic may be monitored. More elaboratedly, the chaotic attractor may be characterized by one of its parameters in the phase space, as in [17]. These conversion manners are explained next.…”

“…VI. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS While a single circuit was discussed in this study, there are other suitable circuits that can fit the presented applications, for example the circuits described in [17], [18].…”

Novel Impedance Sensor based on the Chaotic Van der Pol and Damped Duffing Circuits Coupled

“…Many experiments in the biological, engineering and physical sciences have shown 15 that a fundamental implicit property of chaos is a sensitive dependence on the initial 16 conditions. According to [1] [2], the change in state of a dynamic non-linear system that system is characterized by a single point in the phase space and chaos when the system 48 shows chaotic behavior in that same phase space [12]. In particular, equilibrium points 49 can be created or destroyed, or have their stability altered.…”