Sensors, Biosensors, and Analytical Technologies for Aquaculture Water Quality

Abstract

<jats:p>In aquaculture industry, fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants are cultivated in fresh, salt, or brackish waters. The increasing demand of aquatic products has stimulated the rapid growth of aquaculture industries. How to effectively monitor and control water quality is one of the key concerns for aquaculture industry to ensure high productivity and high quality. There are four major categories of water quality concerns that affect aquaculture cultivations, namely, (1) physical parameters, e.g., pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity, (2) organic contaminants, (3) biochemical hazards, e.g., cyanotoxins, and (4) biological contaminants, i.e., pathogens. While the physical parameters are affected by climate changes, the latter three are considered as environmental factors. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of sensors, biosensors, and analytical technologies available for monitoring aquaculture water quality. They include low-cost commercial sensors and sensor network setups for physical parameters. They also include chromatography, mass spectrometry, biochemistry, and molecular methods (e.g., immunoassays and polymerase chain reaction assays), culture-based method, and biophysical technologies (e.g., biosensors and nanosensors) for environmental contamination factors. According to the different levels of sophistication of various analytical techniques and the information they can provide (either fine fingerprint, highly accurate quantification, semiquantification, qualitative detection, or fast screening), we will comment on how they may be used as complementary tools, as well as their potential and gaps toward current demand of real-time, online, and/or onsite detection.</jats:p>

First assessment of water quality of an artificial lake for fish culture and irrigation: A case study of water reuse in water shortage area across the Middle East

“…There were significant differences ( p < 0.01) in water temperature (mean value = 18.8°C), pH value (mean value = 7.8) and salinity (mean value = 0.727 ppt), in all tanks and for different fish types during the study period (Table 2). In the present study, the average values of the physical parameters are comparable to previous reported results (Adebami et al., 2020; Aduwo & Adeniyi, 2019; Attayde & Hansson, 2001; Bhatnagar & Devi, 2013; Cole et al., 2000; FAO, 2006; Krupa et al., 2020; Stone & Thomforde, 2004; Su et al., 2020; Tregouboff & Rose, 1978; Umeh et al., 2020). The acceptable range of pH for fish culture is usually between pH 6.5 and 9.0.…”

“…Optimal water quality varies by species and must be monitored to ensure growth and survival. Their production can be positively or negatively affected by microalgal biomass (Anand et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2013; Su et al., 2020). However, algae can cause problems in aquaculture (Casé et al., 2008) by oxygen depletion at night or after death (Dahms, 2014) and by generating toxins that affect the health of the cultured organisms and consumers (Ettoumi et al., 2011; Florczyk et al., 2014).…”

Sensors and Analytical Technologies for Air Quality: Particulate Matters and Bioaerosols

“…Biosensor, nanosensor, optical spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS) technologies have been largely used for detecting these analytes upon proper sampling. [98][99][100][101][102]…”

Examining the effect of aquaculture using sensor‐based technology with machine learning algorithm

“…Here, the round of time will be calculated and neutralized water will always be sent for the fish that are living in water (Qi et al, 2011). Most recently, two authors (Huan, Li, Wu, & Cao, 2020; Su, Sutarlie, & Loh, 2020) have designed a new method for monitoring aquaculture using IoT where input bandwidth supplied to the source will be much narrow. But, an intelligent monitoring device like optical dissolved oxygen (ODO) has never been used which is considered as major difficulty in examining necessary parametric values within short period of time.…”