Sensors for measuring biodegradable and total organic matter in water

Abstract

This critical review spans the past two decades and outlines sensors developed for measuring total (TOM) and biodegradable organic matter (BOM) in water. We report the state of the art of the most significant technologies. Although the focus is on in situ devices, we also mention on-line techniques able to lead to sensors sensu stricto and discuss them as possible emerging technologies. We divide the review into sections: (1) TOM; and (2) BOM. We first briefly outline each technique then analyze the published literature. We conclude with recommendations on the technological choices geared to specific research topics.

Enhanced power generation from algal biomass using multi‐anode membrane‐less sediment microbial fuel cell

“…68 Previous studies have noted that Geobacter species have pili on their cell membrane, which are able to transfer electrons to the anode surface easily. 69 The pili or flagella provide to perform direct electron transfer and therewith high-power density. It was reported that the Comamonas sp.…”

Plasmonic swings during the Fenton reaction: catalytic sensing of organics in water via fullerene-decorated gold nanoparticles

“…In contrast, a number of attentions have been paid to the development of organics sensors based on another green method of photocatalytic degradation. [4][5][6] The only reason we deduce is the lack of a sensitive and robust probe of the Fenton reaction under highly oxidizing conditions. A catalyst, typically transition metal ions with variable valences such as iron(II), is usually required in the Fenton oxidation to promote the process.…”

“…As the Fenton reaction is strongly influenced by the medium pH, we also investigated the reaction under different pH (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). It can be seen from Fig.…”

A Current Sensing Biosensor for BOD Rapid Measurement

“…In addition, MCF has become the mostly studied method. The main issues in the development of new detection methods involve time-consuming preparation procedures [4,12,26], longer incubation or activation or measurement times [4,12,26,29,30], rigorous maintenance [26,31], online applications [26,32], and complex analysis systems [26,33]. Although MFCs can generate stable current under constant condition, the pollution of toxic substances in MFCs usually reduces the current by affecting microorganisms [34,35].…”