Sensory and chemical characterization of VOC emissions from building products: impact of concentration and air velocity

Knudsen, Henrik Nellemose; Kjær, U.; Nielsen, Per Mose; Wolkoff, Peder

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00278-7

Cited by 103 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Some VOCs may produce an odor nuisance which may affect the perception of the indoor air quality by people [66][67][68][69]. Therefore a sensory test isappliedin some labeling schemes.…”

Section: Technical Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture volatile organic compounds emission labeling systems: A review

et al. 2012

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The volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture is recognized as one of the main causes of bad indoor air quality, which has resulted in serious economic losses. In European countries and the U.S., labeling systems for indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture were established to address this issue with good effect. This paper is a review of these existing labeling systems. The basic principle of the labeling systems is introduced. The technical, policy and operational parts of the labeling systems are then discussed. The research concentrates on target pollutants, their threshold values and the testing methods employed. Some problems were uncovered in these labeling systems: too many VOCs were targeted; the method to determine the threshold values was not very rigorous; the testing time was too long (7-28 d). Some China's special features in developing such system are stated. Therefore, as the world's largest national producer and consumer of wood based panels and furniture, China should learn from foreign experience of establishing labeling systems as much as it can. However China should not simply copy the foreign approaches but develop its own scientific labeling system for indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture.

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“…Some VOCs may produce an odor nuisance which may affect the perception of the indoor air quality by people [66][67][68][69]. Therefore a sensory test isappliedin some labeling schemes.…”

Section: Technical Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture volatile organic compounds emission labeling systems: A review

et al. 2012

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“…Secondary VOCs can be generated as follows [32]: (1) from degradation of raw materials, which may take place in linoleum [33,34]; (2) reaction of primary VOCs with ozone or other oxidants, which may occur within porous materials with many large pores; (3) oxidation reactions at the material surface, which has been observed in linoleum [35], PVC flooring [36,37] and carpet [38]; (4) chemical reactions of building materials with substrate material [39]; (5) as microbial VOCs (MVOCs) from mould growth at the bottom of the materials because of dampness [40]; and (6) conversion of immobile VOCs to mobile VOC under certain conditions [41]. Reaction rates in for these six types of secondary VOC emission are relatively stable because the amount of reactant changes slowly.…”

Section: Example Of Model Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

General analytical mass transfer model for VOC emissions from multi-layer dry building materials with internal chemical reactions

Wang

Zhang

2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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A general mass transfer based model was developed for analyzing volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from dry multi-layer building materials with two emission surfaces. This model adds to an earlier multi-layer model by considering chemical reactions within the materials. Consequently, it can be used to analyze the effect of these chemical reactions on removing VOCs, and for characterizing secondary VOC emissions from the building material. The model was validated with literature data and our experimental results. Some typical secondary emissions were analyzed using this model, and obviously differed from the primary emissions. The model is a useful tool for predicting, analyzing and "designing" the VOC emission characteristics, including secondary emissions, of building materials. Because the majority of people spend most of their time indoors, indoor air quality is of concern [1]. In many buildings without adequate ventilation and with high loads of indoor materials and products, volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations may be high enough to cause sick building syndrome (SBS). SBS presents with symptoms such as headache, eye, nose, or throat irritation, dry cough, dizziness and nausea, difficulty concentrating, and tiredness [2]. Dry building materials are the main sources of VOCs indoors. Therefore, building material research and industries have focused on control of VOC emissions from building materials and production of low VOC emission materials. The estimation of VOC emissions from dry building materials is also an important issue for many building designers [3]. Models for analyzing VOC emissions from these materials are useful for addressing these problems. VOC emission models in the literature fall into two general categories [4]: empirical or semi-empirical models *Corresponding author (email: wangxinke@mail.xjtu.edu.cn) [5][6][7], and mass transfer based models [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The former are often simple and easy to use and their parameters are determined by fitting experimental data to the predefined model. However, they are generally unable to provide mechanistic insight, and it is difficult to scale the results from test conditions to practical conditions. In contrast, mass transfer based models can describe VOC mass transfer mechanisms or processes, and their parameters have clear physical meaning. These models can be used to predict VOC emissions for a wide range of conditions using known physical parameters. The mass transfer model developed by Little et al. [8] is considered the first mass transfer model for analyzing VOC emissions from dry building materials. Many researchers subsequently developed various mass transfer based models to describe more complicated problems, such as emissions from one-[9-15], two-[16], or multi-layer materials [17][18][19][20][21], materials with two emission surfaces [22], and porous materials [23][24][25][26][27]. Secondary VOC emissions from building materials are recognized as an impo...

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“…The 8 selected panellists were screened for their ability to perceive the paint off-flavours stimulus in water exposed in the gas-tight chamber to 2-buthoxyethoxyethanol spaced concentrations (3; 9; 27 µg m -3 ) close to the threshold reported in literature (Knudsen 1999). With this aim in mind a 3-AFC test (ISO 13301:2002) was followed.…”

Section: Panel Screening and Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover evaluating the risks originating from coating materials is a fundamental requirement since the E.U. Directives Consequently it is recommended to use coating products which have a low impact on the air quality from the moment they are applied (Knudsen et al 1999). The determination of off-flavours due to…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-flavours in wines through indirect transfer of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from coatings

Fumi

Lambri

Faveri

2009

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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Sensory and chemical characterization of VOC emissions from building products: impact of concentration and air velocity

Cited by 103 publications

References 32 publications

Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture volatile organic compounds emission labeling systems: A review

Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture volatile organic compounds emission labeling systems: A review

General analytical mass transfer model for VOC emissions from multi-layer dry building materials with internal chemical reactions

Off-flavours in wines through indirect transfer of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from coatings

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