Sensory and Cognitive Vigilance: Effects of Age on Performance and Subjective Workload

Deaton, John E.; Parasuraman, Raja

doi:10.1207/s15327043hup0601_4

Cited by 75 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…No significant results emerged from any cognitive variable on performance. These results are consistent with Bunce and Sisa (2002) and Deaton and Parasuraman (1993) findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The differences between pre-test and pos-test measures of workload were greater for older than younger participants. Previously, Deaton and Parasuraman (1993) had also studied perceived mental workload in the context of age differences affecting vigilance, and found that although there were no significant effects on the subjects' performance, significant effects were found in subjective mental workload assessments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efectos de la carga de tarea y las capacidades cognitivas sobre el rendimiento y la carga mental subjetiva de una tarea de seguimiento

et al. 2012

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Título: Efectos de la carga de tarea y las capacidades cognitivas sobre el rendimiento y la carga mental subjetiva de una tarea de seguimiento. Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los efectos del nivel de inteligencia general y del perfil aptitudinal de los individuos sobre el rendimiento y las evaluaciones subjetivas de carga mental de una tarea de seguimiento. A pesar de que la mayoría de los autores señalan que la carga mental depende tanto de las características de la tarea como de la capacidad de los individuos, la investigación dirigida a determinar la influencia real de los factores de diferencias individuales es muy escasa. En este estudio se recogieron medidas del rendimiento y de la carga mental subjetiva en una tarea de seguimiento con diferentes niveles de dificultad. Los resultados mostraron efectos significativos, simples y de interacción, de los factores de complejidad de la tarea tanto sobre el rendimiento como sobre la carga mental subjetiva. La aptitud espacial fue la que mostró un mayor efecto mediador, particularmente sobre la carga mental. Los sujetos con un mayor nivel aptitudinal registraron evaluaciones de carga mental más elevadas que los menos aptos, independientemente del instrumento utilizado para medir la carga mental. Finalmente, los sujetos más aptos alcanzaron niveles de rendimiento más altos que los menos aptos, especialmente en la condición de seguimiento más difícil. Palabras clave: Carga mental subjetiva; capacidades cognitivas; tarea de seguimiento; rendimiento. Abstract:The aim of this study was to determine the effects that the level of general intelligence and the aptitude profile of individuals have on performance and subjective assessments of the mental workload involved in carrying out a tracking task. Although all authors acknowledge that mental workload depends both on the characteristics of the task and the ability of individuals to perform it, little research into the real influence of these individual difference factors has been carried out. The subjects' performance and mental workload when carrying out a tracking task with different levels of difficulty were measured. Both simple effects and those relating to the interaction of the two task complexity factors were shown to have significant effects on performance and subjective mental load. Spatial aptitude was shown to have the greatest mediating effect, particularly on mental workload. Surprisingly, the subjects with the greatest ability reported higher mental workload assessments than those less able, irrespective of the instrument used to measure the workload. Finally, the subjects with greater ability achieved higher levels of performance than those less able, particularly in the more difficult tracking task.

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“…No significant results emerged from any cognitive variable on performance. These results are consistent with Bunce and Sisa (2002) and Deaton and Parasuraman (1993) findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efectos de la carga de tarea y las capacidades cognitivas sobre el rendimiento y la carga mental subjetiva de una tarea de seguimiento

et al. 2012

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show abstract

“…It should be noted that d' values, ranging from 3.48 to 4.15, were unusually high for vigilance tasks, so results may not generalize to tasks of lower d' values. However, characteristic vigilance findings are often evident in tasks with d' values comparable to those of the present tasks (see, e.g., Deaton & Parasuraman, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The resource-depletion hypothesis predicts higher workload for the high-probability task. Previous studies have shown that workload for high event rate vigilance tasks is often comparable to that of demanding tasks such as mental arithmetic (Deaton & Parasuraman, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal probability effects on high-workload vigilance tasks

Matthews

1996

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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Signal probability is an important influence on vigilance. Typically, higher signal probability is associated with higher hit rate, lower response criterion, and lower response: signal ratio. However, signal probability effects on demanding, high-workload vigilance tasks have not been investigated. It is believed that attentional resources become depleted during performance of such tasks, leading to perceptual sensitivity decrements. Forty subjects performed high-(.35) and low-(.10) probability versions of a demanding vigilance task. Results differed in two important respects from those previously obtained with less demanding tasks. First, the decrement in perceptual sensitivity over time was greater for the high-probability task. Second, there were no effects of signal probability on response criterion. Subjective workload was higher for the high-probability task. Implications of the data for resource-depletion and expectancy theories of vigilance are discussed.

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“…Anecdotally, it was clear that the supervets were a highly motivated group who were a) much more keen to attend the 4 hour testing sessions and b) individually committed to the view that their exercise regimen improved their cognitive health and wellbeing. Previous studies have reported that motivational differences in participants elicit better performance on labbased cognitive tasks (Deaton & Parasuraman, 1993;Tomporowski & Tinsley, 1996). It is therefore doubly surprising that, with such motivation, the supervets did not demonstrate superior performance across the task battery compared to the control group.…”

Section: Memorymentioning

confidence: 91%

Long-Term High-Effort Endurance Exercise in Older Adults: Diminishing Returns for Cognitive and Brain Aging

Young

Dowell

Watt³

et al. 2016

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

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While there is evidence that age-related changes in cognitive performance and brain structure can be offset by increased exercise, little is known about the impact on these of long-term high-effort endurance exercise. In a cross-sectional design with 12-month follow-up, we recruited older adults engaging in high-effort endurance exercise over at least twenty years, and compared their cognitive performance and brain structure with a non-sedentary control group similar in age, sex, education, IQ, and lifestyle factors. Our findings showed no differences on measures of speed of processing, executive function, incidental memory, episodic memory, working memory, or visual search for older adults participating in long-term high-effort endurance exercise, when compared without confounds to non-sedentary peers. On tasks that engaged significant attentional control, subtle differences emerged. On indices of brain structure, long-term exercisers displayed higher white matter axial diffusivity than their age-matched peers, but this did not correlate with indices of cognitive performance.

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Sensory and Cognitive Vigilance: Effects of Age on Performance and Subjective Workload

Cited by 75 publications

References 36 publications

Efectos de la carga de tarea y las capacidades cognitivas sobre el rendimiento y la carga mental subjetiva de una tarea de seguimiento

Efectos de la carga de tarea y las capacidades cognitivas sobre el rendimiento y la carga mental subjetiva de una tarea de seguimiento

Signal probability effects on high-workload vigilance tasks

Long-Term High-Effort Endurance Exercise in Older Adults: Diminishing Returns for Cognitive and Brain Aging

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