Sensory spinal interoceptive pathways and energy balance regulation

Neuregulin4‐ErbB4 signalling pathway is driven by electroacupuncture stimulation to remodel brown adipose tissue innervation

“…28,38 These signals converge in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of corresponding segments, inducing further central nervous system regulation. 25,39 Many studies have also confirmed that ES at ST25 and LI11 modulates the visceral autonomic nerves, mainly via the sensory signals transmission from the DRG of corresponding segments. 40,41 Notably, retrograde and transganglionic tracing indicated that sympathetic nerves innervating iBAT originated from the upper thoracic region, predominantly encompassing T2-T5 segments.…”

“…40,41 Notably, retrograde and transganglionic tracing indicated that sympathetic nerves innervating iBAT originated from the upper thoracic region, predominantly encompassing T2-T5 segments. 25 Because the DRG innervating the LI11 region (C8-T2) intersects with iBAT, somatotopic stimulation of the LI11 region triggers an axonal reflex of sympathetic-sensory activity in the spinal cord, thereby augmenting neuronal activity in the IML region associated with iBAT. 42 Consistent with our previous report, 17 ES at the ST25 region (T6-T9) also promotes neuronal activity in the IML region related to iBAT, attributed to the activation of sensory nerves in the T9 segment capable of stimulating neurons at a superior spinal level through the dorsal root reflex.…”

“…leading to excessive peripheral sympathetic outflow in the cardiovascular system, while ES treatment did not significantly activate neuronal activity in the PVN (Figure5A,B). However, in the VMH, ES at ST25 and LI11, but not at ST37, increased the amount of c-Fos-positive cells, indicating that the activating influence of ES therapies on the SNA in BAT is controlled by neuronal activity in the VMH (Figure5A,B).Next, we examined the expression of c-Fos-positive neurons in the IML (T2-T5),25 identified as the spinal centre of sympathetic outflow. ES at ST25 and LI11 significantly increased the amount of c-Fos-positive cells in the IML, consistent with previous SNA recording results (Figure4A,B).…”

Symptoms Arising From the Diaphragm Muscle: Function and Dysfunction

“…Other symptoms are linked to the strong relationship between the diaphragm and the vagus nerve, stimulating the spinosolitary pathway (proprioception stimulated by diaphragmatic movement) and the parasympathetic response that follows [ 47 ]. An alteration of the correct parasympathetic responses creates neuromotor coordination disorders, emotional disorders (anxiety, depression, stress), and a lowering of pain tolerance [ 4 , 5 , 7 - 9 , 34 ].…”

Molecular mechanisms of pain in acute pancreatitis: recent basic research advances and therapeutic implications

“…In terms of the pancreas, the innervation originates from dorsal root ganglion cells, with the majority of afferents in the visceral DRG belonging to the myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C classes, both involved in nociception ( Drewes et al, 2020 ). Pancreatic afferent nerves in DRG at T5-L2 send peripheral processes of these neurons projecting to the viscera through the celiac ganglion, while central processes travel through the dorsal roots to the spinal cord’s dorsal horn ( Won et al, 1998 ; Candal et al, 2023 ; Münzberg et al, 2023 ). Both surgical celiac ganglionectomy and RTX therapy of the celiac ganglion inhibit primary sensory nerve signal transmission, resulting in a reduction of SP release in the pancreas ( Noble et al, 2006 ).…”