“…Evaluative studies stressed the significance of translation evaluation to improve the performance of Arabic MT engines and suggest strategies to overcome relevant shortcomings [55,61,65]. Considering the limited research on Arabic MT effectiveness in dealing with specialized content [100], some studies addressed MT shortcomings in translating specialized texts or textual components such as the legal discourse [100], literary features [66], proverbs [67], sentiment words [101], relative clauses [57], as well as social media vernacular [102]. Evaluative studies continued to dominate the literature on MT systems to highlight their affordances and limitations in terms of adequacy, accuracy, fluency, context sensitivity, terminology and other criteria and called for complementarity between MT and HT via pre-editing and postediting [50,53,58,63,70,103].…”