Sentimentos e dificuldades no enfrentamento do processo de morrer e de morte por graduandos de enfermagem

Abstract

ResumoObjetivo: identificar dificuldades encontradas pelos graduandos de enfermagem no enfrentamento do processo de morrer e morte durante a assistência de pacientes hospitalizados. Metodologia: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e BDEnf, em junho de 2014, e compreende o período de 2001 a 2014. Utilizaram-se as palavras-chave: "morte", "estudantes" e "enfermagem". Resultados: foram encontrados 293 artigos e selecionados 10. Identificam-se como dificuldades: o lidar com a finitude; as relações entre aluno e familiares; os vínculos estabelecidos entre aluno-paciente; os sentimentos vivenciados ao cuidar de pacientes terminais. Conclusão: observa-se a necessidade de fomentar questões que permeiam a morte nos currículos dos cursos de graduação da área da saúde. Acredita-se que abordar esse assunto no processo formativo trará reflexos positivos para a construção do "ser profissional", comprometido com a assistência crítica, reflexiva e humanística a pacientes em fase terminal e seus familiares, que vivenciam esse processo. PalavRas-CHaveMorte, estudantes, enfermagem, atitude frente a morte, Educação em Enfermagem (Fonte: DeCS, BIREME).

Muerte y morir en el hospital: una mirada social, espiritual y ética de los estudiantes

“…20 According to the stories, the difficulty in preparing the losses of the patients with whom it has established more intense ties, the greater the union created, the more difficult to accept the death of the patient. 11 The lack of preparation to deal with the situation of death, linked to the lack of experience in caring for family members who have experienced the loss causes emotional conflict, for fear of not being prepared to satisfactorily fulfill the role in the care of family members who are experiencing the loss, there is awareness that care should include the family, considered as a fundamental part of nursing care. 8 On the other hand, the TPEL proposes the concept of proximity of close friends and caregivers, where it is emphasized to provide opportunities for the family, to approach them, to make them part of care and attend to pain, concerns and questions from family and/or relatives.…”

“…There are several studies that conclude that nursing students do not feel prepared to face this process and therefore, deliver quality care to the dying patient, due to the lack of preparation in academic training. 3,[9][10][11][12] And this situation is problematic since there is a very high degree of emotional involvement of the nurse in the care of the dying patient and the quality of care may be conditioned to the attitude and the fear of death. 13 Nursing plays an important role in health services, since it falls to the health care of the individual and society, for the moral qualities and virtues and for the sacred character of human life.…”

Strengths and Weaknesses to Face the Dying and Death Process: Students' Reflections

“…The fear of expressing feelings is the result of the construction of the myth that the nurse must be indifferent to the death situation. 12 In other words, human beings use defense mechanisms to try to flee from the apparent emotional disorder caused by the death and dying process. The students need to be sensitized when offering care to those who experience and/or accompany this process.…”

“…The 9/13 opportunities offered at this stage to care for patients who are in their final phase are rare and, when the students do not feel properly guided and supported, the difficulty of working with these patients is not reduced, there being a need for a psychological approach. 12 Thus, the interviewed students report that the death of a young person or child is little accepted compared to an aged person since, in our society, the death of an older adult is more expected and considered as an foreseeable end, not so with a child or young person, since it is considered that they still have a whole life ahead of them to fulfill as a person. The sudden or early death of a child is one of the most challenging and unique experiences that child caregivers will encounter in the practice.…”

“…12 Training the nurses for the professional practice must go beyond techniques and theories, they must also be trained to face situations that involve their feelings, such as the dying process and the death of patients with terminal diseases. 12 The authors of a research paper 13 propose that, during the nurse training process, the Peaceful End of Life Theory (PELT) be used as a necessary part of 4/13 the theoretical support, since it provides a guide to the actions and skills that the nurse facing the patients and their relatives should develop, mainly in situations of ethical conflicts; in addition, it can be applied in all contexts concerning hospital health care. The students are not excluded from these situations since, when they start their professional practices, they often witness this type of conflicts that develop during the dying process.…”