Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping: Current Applications and Future Perspectives in Gynecology Malignant Tumors

Abstract

The sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is a group of lymph nodes initially involved in the metastatic spread of cancer cells. SLN mapping refers to intraoperative localization and biopsy of SLNs with specific tracers to assess lymph node metastases. It is widely used in a variety of tumor surgeries for its high sensitivity and high negative predictive value. In the evaluation of the status of lymph node metastases in gynecological malignancies, it has received increasingly more attention due to its minor invasiveness, few complications, and high diagnosis rate. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines provide an excellent introduction to the indications and methods of SLN techniques in vulvar, cervical, and endometrial cancers, but they provide little explanation about some specific issues. In this review, we summarize different dyes and injection methods and discuss the indications of application and the clinical trials of SLN mapping in gynecological malignant tumors, aiming to provide a reference for the rational application of sentinel techniques in gynecology malignant tumors before relevant guidelines are updated.

Advanced strategies for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and applications in gene editing, therapy, and cancer detection using nanoparticles and nanocarriers

“…Mapping these sentinel lymph nodes allows for the detection of lymphatic metastasis. 43 Kim et al investigated the use of near-infrared quantum dots for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping, presenting chemical, optical, and in vivo data to demonstrate the potential of these QDs in biomedical imaging. 44 In the context of oesophageal sentinel lymph node identification using near-infrared fluorescence imaging, a highly sensitive intraoperative technique was developed to explore the existence of sentinel lymph node groups in the pleural space.…”

Intra- And Early Postoperative Results of Biopsy of Signal Lymph Node Under Control of Icg Mapping in Patients With Endometrial Cancer of Initial Stages

“…ICG не утримується макрофагами ЛВ, отже, ін'єкцію необхідно проводити під час операції через його швидке дренування. Найчастішими анатомічними локалізаціями СЛВ є зовнішні, внутрішні і загальні клубові судини; обтураторна ямка, біфуркаційна ділянка, пара-аортальна ділянка, менш часто-пресакральна ділянка (в цьому випадку ЛВ важко побачити та вилучити) [16].…”

“…За даними ряду дослідників, радіоактивність, що фіксується датчиком, в СЛВ повинна перевищувати рівень фону в 2 рази [20]. СЛВ -це лімфатичний вузол, до якого, в залежності від анатомічних особливостей лімфатичної системи, виконується відтік лімфи від органа [16]. Він є першим бар'єром на шляху розповсюдження злоякісних клітин та відображає стан всього лімфатичного басейну.…”

Preserving Fertility: Minimizing Ovarian Lymphatic Drainage Disruption in Gynecological Cancer Surgeries

“…Systematic lymphadenectomy is a frequently employed technique for managing gynecologic malignancies, with the primary objectives of minimizing tumor cell burden and excising all lymph nodes within the organ's drainage region for pathological examination. Nonetheless, such procedures disrupt the native lymphatic drainage pathways and nodes, frequently resulting in complications such as lymphedema, lymphocytic cysts, cellulitis, and wound dehiscence [3,4]. For instance, a cumulative incidence of lymphatic drainage disorders of 21.2% was observed during a follow-up ranging from 130 and 250 months after treatment for cervical cancer [5].…”