Sentinel Surveillance for Influenza in Senegal, 1996–2009

Niang, Mbayame Ndiaye; Dosseh, Annick; Ndiaye, Kader; Sagna, Monique; Gregory, Victoria; Goudiaby, Déborah; Hay, Alan J.; Diop, Ousmane M.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jis576

Cited by 41 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Seasonality in influenza transmission is consistent with findings from other tropical countries1, 14, 15, 16 including Tanzania17 and Brazil 18. In Senegal, influenza peaks also generally correspond to months with higher precipitation and humidity 19, 20…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Sentinel surveillance for influenza among severe acute respiratory infection and acute febrile illness inpatients at three hospitals in Ghana

Jones

Ampofo

Akuffo³

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundInfluenza epidemiology in Africa is generally not well understood. Using syndrome definitions to screen patients for laboratory confirmation of infection is an established means to effectively conduct influenza surveillance.MethodsTo compare influenza‐related epidemiologic data, from October 2010 through March 2013, we enrolled hospitalized severe acute respiratory infection (SARI; fever with respiratory symptoms) and acute febrile illness (AFI; fever without respiratory or other localizing symptoms) patients from three referral hospitals in Ghana. Demographic and epidemiologic data were obtained from enrolled patients after which nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected, and processed by molecular methods for the presence of influenza viruses.ResultsOf 730 SARI patients, 59 (8%) were influenza positive; of 543 AFI patients, 34 (6%) were positive for influenza. Both SARI and AFI surveillance yielded influenza A(H3N2) (3% versus 1%), A(H1N1)pdm09 (2% versus 1%), and influenza B (3% versus 4%) in similar proportions. Data from both syndromes show year‐round influenza transmission but with increased caseloads associated with the rainy seasons.ConclusionsAs an appreciable percentage of influenza cases (37%) presented without defined respiratory symptoms, and thus met the AFI but not the SARI definition, it is important to consider broader screening criteria (i.e., AFI) to identify all laboratory‐confirmed influenza. The identified influenza transmission seasonality has important implications for the timing of related public health interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Sentinel surveillance for influenza among severe acute respiratory infection and acute febrile illness inpatients at three hospitals in Ghana

Jones

Ampofo

Akuffo³

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…20 For Senegal, the seasonality is well-defined after years of regular flu monitoring. 21 We have a regular circulation of influenza virus during the year with a peak in August (in the middle of the rainy season) in Senegal. The pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 virus that has globally emerged during the second quarter of 2009 was not detected in Senegal until 2010; interestingly, it occurred with a shift on seasonality that was reflected by a peak of infection that occurred in the first quarter of that year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Subregional Analysis of Epidemiologic and Genetic Characteristics of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Africa: Senegal, Cape Verde, Mauritania, and Guinea, 2009–2010

Dia

Ndiaye²,

Monteiro³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. During the pandemic 2009 episode, we conducted laboratory-based surveillance in four countries from West Africa: Senegal, Mauritania, Cape Verde, and Guinea. Specimens were obtained from 3,155 patients: 2,264 patients from Senegal, 498 patients from Cape Verde, 227 patients from Mauritania, and 166 patients from Guinea; 911 (28.9%) patients were positive for influenza, 826 (90.7%) patients were positive for influenza A, and 85 (9.3%) patients were positive for influenza B. Among the influenza A positives, 503 (60.9%) positives were H1N1pdm09, 314 (38.0%) positives were H3N2, and 9 (1.1%) positives were seasonal H1N1. The highest detection rate for seasonal influenza viruses (17.1%) occurred in the 5-14 years age group. However, for A(H1N1)pdm09, the detection rate was highest in the 15-24 years age group (35.8%). Based on the present study data, the timeline of detection of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in these four countries should be Cape Verde, Guinea, Mauritania, and finally, Senegal. Genetic and antigenic analyses were performed in some isolates.

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“…A previous study showed that only 13.4% of specimens from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) collected between 1996 and 2009 were confirmed as influenza positive, suggesting the existence of other etiologies in most cases. 13 Thus, surveillance was extended to cover other respiratory viruses in 2012. 14 The aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of respiratory picornaviruses (EVs and RVs) in Senegal over a 4-year surveillance period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses: Molecular Epidemiology of the Most Influenza-Like Illness Associated Viruses in Senegal

Fall

Dia

Kébé

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Different viruses have been identified as etiologic agents of respiratory tract infections, including severe cases. Among these, human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and human enteroviruses (HEVs) are recognized as leading causes. The present study describes the molecular epidemiology of HRVs and HEVs in Senegal over a 3-year surveillance period. From January 2012 to December 2014, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs specimen were collected from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI). A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed for HRV and HEV detection using the RV16 kit. Two regions were targeted for the molecular characterization of RVs: 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) and viral protein 4/viral protein 2 (VP4/VP2) transition region. For enteroviruses (EVs) phylogeny, VP1 gene was targeted. A total of 4,194 samples were collected. Children up to 5 years accounted for 52.9%. Among them, 1,415 (33.7%) were positive for HRV, 857 (20.4%) for HEV, and 437 cases of dual infections HRV/HEV. HRVs and HEVs were identified significantly in children aged 5 years or less. Only cough and vomiting signs were observed with significant association with viral infection. Both viruses co-circulated all year long with a marked increase of activity during rainy and cold period. All HRV types circulate in Senegal. HRV-A and C groups were the most common. HEV serotyping identified coxsackie B viruses (CBV) only. VP1 region revealed different CBV (CBV1, CBV2, CBV3, CBV4, and CBV5), echoviruses, coxsackieviruses A4-like strains and a poliovirus 2. The results suggest strong year-round respiratory picornavirus activity in children up to 5 years of age. Molecular studies identified a wide variety of RVs along with diverse EVs in samples from patients with ILI.

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Sentinel Surveillance for Influenza in Senegal, 1996–2009

Abstract: Our data confirm that influenza is prevalent in Senegal, occurs in seasonal epidemics, and contributes to the burden of respiratory diseases in all age groups.

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Sentinel surveillance for influenza among severe acute respiratory infection and acute febrile illness inpatients at three hospitals in Ghana

Sentinel surveillance for influenza among severe acute respiratory infection and acute febrile illness inpatients at three hospitals in Ghana

A Subregional Analysis of Epidemiologic and Genetic Characteristics of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Africa: Senegal, Cape Verde, Mauritania, and Guinea, 2009–2010

Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses: Molecular Epidemiology of the Most Influenza-Like Illness Associated Viruses in Senegal

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