Sentinel Surveillance for Influenza-Like Illness, Severe Acute Respiratory Illness, and Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2009–2011

Tamfum, Jean Jacques Muyembe; Nkwembe, Edith; Shamamba, Stomy Karhemere Bi; Bankoshi, Fifi; Ilunga, Benoît Kebela; Katz, Kenneth A.; Cohen, Adam L.; Kabamba, Joelle; Wemankoy, Emile Okitolonda

doi:10.1093/infdis/jis537

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In addition, the system readily detected the emergence of the 2009 influenza pandemic. Even in non‐pandemic years the predominant influenza viruses detected in Jordan correlated with those seen in similar systems 12, 13, 14, 15…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The proportion of influenza‐positive SARI cases (9%) compared well with that of similar surveillance systems in Asia (8%,12 9%13) and Africa (10%,14 11%15). In addition, the system readily detected the emergence of the 2009 influenza pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…It may also reflect biases in surveillance with better case ascertainment and enrollment among children. Other SARI surveillance systems have also found high proportions of young children,12, 13, 14, 15 so this may suggest that the SARI case definitions used might better identify pediatric symptomatology. Finally, incomplete clinical information was provided for some of our clinical variables, which may have limited our ability to examine these factors in those with influenza.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influenza hospitalization epidemiology from a severe acute respiratory infection surveillance system in Jordan, January 2008–February 2014

Alabdallat

Dawson

Haddadin

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundAcute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Influenza typically contributes substantially to the burden of ARI, but only limited data are available on influenza activity and seasonality in Jordan.MethodsSyndromic case definitions were used to identify individuals with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) admitted to four sentinel hospitals in Jordan. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested for influenza using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and typed as influenza A or B, with influenza A further subtyped.ResultsFrom January 2008–February 2014, 2891 SARI cases were tested for influenza, and 257 (9%) were positive. While 73% of all SARI cases were under 5 years of age, only 57% of influenza‐positive cases were under 5 years of age. Eight (3%) influenza‐positive cases died. An annual seasonal pattern of influenza activity was observed. The proportion of influenza‐positive cases peaked during November–January (14–42%) in the non‐pandemic years.ConclusionsInfluenza is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in Jordan. The seasonal pattern of influenza aligns with known Northern Hemisphere seasonality. Further characterization of the clinical and financial burden of influenza in Jordan will be critical in supporting decisions regarding disease control activities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influenza hospitalization epidemiology from a severe acute respiratory infection surveillance system in Jordan, January 2008–February 2014

Alabdallat

Dawson

Haddadin

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…In 2009, 1311 samples were collected from 1048 patients presenting with ILI and 263 with SARI (17). Influenza was confirmed in 208 (20%) of the ILI cases and 41 (16%) of the SARI cases (17). Similar to other African countries cases of SARI peaked in children under the age of 14.…”

Section: Subsaharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to other African countries cases of SARI peaked in children under the age of 14. Influenza activity appears to circulate most commonly between January and March however, but peaked in October during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (17). …”

Section: Subsaharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Burden of Influenza as a Cause of Cardiopulmonary Morbidity and Mortality

Fischer

Gong

Bhagwanjee

et al. 2014

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Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI), including influenza, are a leading cause of cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality worldwide. Until recently the epidemiology of influenza was limited to resource-rich countries. Emerging epidemiological reports characterizing the 2009 H1N1 pandemic however suggest that influenza exerts an even greater toll in low-income resource constrained environments where it is the cause of 5–27% of all SARI. The increased burden of disease in this setting is multifactorial and likely is the results of higher rates of comorbidities such as HIV, decreased access to healthcare including vaccinations and antiviral medications, and limited healthcare infrastructure including oxygen therapy or critical care support. Improved global epidemiology of influenza is desperately needed in order to guide allocation of life saving resources including vaccines, antiviral medications, and direct the improvement of basic health care in order to mitigate the impact of influenza infection on the most vulnerable populations.

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Afriflu2—Second international workshop on influenza vaccination in the African continent—8 November 2012, Cape Town (South Africa)

Schoub

Gessner

Ampofo

et al. 2013

Vaccine

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The second meeting of the Afriflu conferences took place in Cape Town, South Africa, with over 60 participants from 15 countries in Africa and also outside the continent. Significant progress in surveillance has been made in better understanding the illness burden of influenza on the continent, which limited evidence suggests is greater than that in the developed world. In southern Africa HIV and TB coinfections play a major role in increasing hospitalisation and mortality, while elsewhere in Africa other cofactors still need to be determined. There is currently no indigenous vaccine production in sub-Saharan Africa and only one facility, based in South Africa, capable of filling imported bulk. Innovative vaccine strategies will need to be explored, such as maternal immunisation, and also the possibility of other influenza vaccine options, such as live attenuated influenza vaccine for young children. Sustained indigenous vaccine production is essential for the continent to have vaccine security in the event of a pandemic even though establishing local production faces considerable challenges especially ensuring adequate markets on the continent. There is an urgent need to develop effective communication messages for decision makers as well as healthcare workers addressing the importance of influenza even in the face of the major competing health burdens of the continent.

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Sentinel Surveillance for Influenza-Like Illness, Severe Acute Respiratory Illness, and Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2009–2011

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Influenza hospitalization epidemiology from a severe acute respiratory infection surveillance system in Jordan, January 2008–February 2014

Influenza hospitalization epidemiology from a severe acute respiratory infection surveillance system in Jordan, January 2008–February 2014

Global Burden of Influenza as a Cause of Cardiopulmonary Morbidity and Mortality

Afriflu2—Second international workshop on influenza vaccination in the African continent—8 November 2012, Cape Town (South Africa)

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