SEOUL AR: Designing a Mobile AR Tour Application for Seoul Sky Observatory in South Korea

Abstract

Skyscrapers are symbols of local landmarks, and their prevalence is increasing across the world owing to recent advances in architectural technology. In Korea, the Lotte World Tower, which is now the tallest skyscraper in Seoul, was constructed in 2017. In addition, it has an observatory deck called Seoul Sky, which is currently in operation. This study focuses on the design of Seoul AR, which is a mobile augmented reality (AR) tour application. Visitors can use Seoul AR when visiting the Seoul Sky Observatory, one of the representative landmarks of Seoul, and enjoy a 360° view of the entire landscape of Seoul in the observatory space. With Seoul AR, they can identify tourist attractions in Seoul with simple mission games. Users are also provided with information regarding the specific attraction they are viewing, as well as other information on transportation, popular restaurants, shopping places, etc., in order to increase the level of satisfaction of tourists visiting the Seoul Sky Observatory. The final design is revised through heuristic evaluation, and a study of users’ levels of satisfaction with Seoul AR is conducted through surveys completed by visitors to the Seoul Sky Observatory.

What Is behind In-Stream Advertising on YouTube? A Remote Neuromarketing Study employing Eye-Tracking and Facial Coding techniques

“…In particular, in-stream video ads viewers' visual attention may shift out of the screen or toward non-ad-related content, such as the video player's controls, the timer, the skip button, and if the player is not in full-screen mode, also towards recommendations for similar content, titles, and comments [59]. However, the users' capacity to adapt to, identify, and ignore digital advertising [57,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66] followed by avoiding behaviors, such as shifting attention towards regions of the screen where the advertising content is not salient [67,68], is not the only factor leading to reduced visual attention towards the advertising content. In this direction, an eye-tracking study conducted by Kim et al (2023) [68] on mobile in-stream video ads suggested that, while watching non-skippable ads, viewers' visual attention tends to highly focus on the timer because viewers aim to figure out how long they are "forced" to watch the ad before resuming the original video, reflecting the need for temporal certainty.…”

From Earlier Exploration to Advanced Applications: Bibliometric and Systematic Review of Augmented Reality in the Tourism Industry (2002–2022)

“…The majority of the studies, with 41 articles (71.93%), focus on outdoor settings, highlighting the potential of AR to enhance the experience of tourists visiting natural and urban environments [49]. In contrast, 11 articles (19.30%) explore indoor settings, such as museums, galleries, and historical buildings, demonstrating the value of augmented reality in providing immersive experiences within confined spaces (e.g., [50]). Additionally, 2 articles (3.51%) investigate the combined use of AR technology in both indoor and outdoor environments, emphasizing the versatility of the technology [51,52].…”

“…[85] presented two location-based AR systems that employed both smartphones and smart glasses, enabling users to access audio and visual information when arriving at a point of interest. Handheld 39 [28,43,45,[48][49][50][51][53][54][55]58,59,[61][62][63][64][65]67,68,[71][72][73][74][75][76][79][80][81]83,84,[86][87][88][89][90][93][94][95][96] 2 [35,60] 0 0 0 8 [44,46,52,69,70,77,85,92] HMD 3…”