The study of the pentagon equation leads to results on the structure and classification of finite quantum groups. It is proved that L is a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra if and only if there exists an invertible matrix R, solution of the pentagon equation R 12 R 13 R 23 = R 23 R 12 , such that L ∼ = P (n, R); the Hopf algebra structure of P (n, R) is explicitly described using generators and relations. Finally, it is proved that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the set of types of n-dimensional Hopf algebras and the set of orbits of the actionthe representatives of which are invertible solutions of length n for the pentagon equation.