Separate Areas for Mirror Responses and Agency within the Parietal Operculum

Agnew, Zarinah K.; Wise, Richard

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2836-08.2008

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…That one study measured a reduction in BA2 activation in active compared to passive finger-tapping [17] is however compatible with the idea that an efference-copy modulates BA2 activation but raises the question of when such an efference-copy augments and when it decreases BA2 activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Analyses Reveal Efference-Copy to Primary Somatosensory Area, BA2

et al. 2014

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Some theories of motor control suggest efference-copies of motor commands reach somatosensory cortices. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to test these models. We varied the amount of efference-copy signal by making participants squeeze a soft material either actively or passively. We found electromyographical recordings, an efference-copy proxy, to predict activity in primary somatosensory regions, in particular Brodmann Area (BA) 2. Partial correlation analyses confirmed that brain activity in cortical structures associated with motor control (premotor and supplementary motor cortices, the parietal area PF and the cerebellum) predicts brain activity in BA2 without being entirely mediated by activity in early somatosensory (BA3b) cortex. Our study therefore provides valuable empirical evidence for efference-copy models of motor control, and shows that signals in BA2 can indeed reflect an input from motor cortices and suggests that we should interpret activations in BA2 as evidence for somatosensory-motor rather than somatosensory coding alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Two studies found no SI difference between the active and passive execution of a movement [15], [16] while one found smaller activation in SI during active compared to passive finger tapping [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Analyses Reveal Efference-Copy to Primary Somatosensory Area, BA2

et al. 2014

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“…It has been established that the sensory consequences of internally generated actions are suppressed [45]. Furthermore, a recent study has shown that activity is greater during action observation, and/or below baseline during action execution, in somatosensory cortex [46], [47]. Thus, it is likely that this decorrelated activity relates to the suppression of sensory activity during the Execute condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociating Object Directed and Non-Object Directed Action in the Human Mirror System; Implications for Theories of Motor Simulation

2012

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Mirror neurons are single cells found in macaque premotor and parietal cortices that are active during action execution and observation. In non-human primates, mirror neurons have only been found in relation to object-directed movements or communicative gestures, as non-object directed actions of the upper limb are not well characterized in non-human primates. Mirror neurons provide important evidence for motor simulation theories of cognition, sometimes referred to as the direct matching hypothesis, which propose that observed actions are mapped onto associated motor schemata in a direct and automatic manner. This study, for the first time, directly compares mirror responses, defined as the overlap between action execution and observation, during object directed and meaningless non-object directed actions. We present functional MRI data that demonstrate a clear dissociation between object directed and non-object directed actions within the human mirror system. A premotor and parietal network was preferentially active during object directed actions, whether observed or executed. Moreover, we report spatially correlated activity across multiple voxels for observation and execution of an object directed action. In contrast to predictions made by motor simulation theory, no similar activity was observed for non-object directed actions. These data demonstrate that object directed and meaningless non-object directed actions are subserved by different neuronal networks and that the human mirror response is significantly greater for object directed actions. These data have important implications for understanding the human mirror system and for simulation theories of motor cognition. Subsequent theories of motor simulation must account for these differences, possibly by acknowledging the role of experience in modulating the mirror response.

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“…Visually (3, 203) and acoustically (103, 307) evoked responses in LPC have long been reported in human imaging studies, but had not been observed in single-unit recordings from nonhuman primates until recently (154, 243), a discrepancy that may be attributable to particular stimuli used in early neurophysiological studies. Indeed, sounds and images that have no tactile correlate, like pure tones or speech, do not drive neurons in LPC (154, 310), but the sound of hands rubbing together does.…”

Section: Lateral Parietal Cortex (Lpc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Basis of Touch and Proprioception in Primate Cortex

Delhaye

Long

Bensmaı̈a

2018

Comprehensive Physiology

189

161

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The sense of proprioception allows us to keep track of our limb posture and movements and the sense of touch provides us with information about objects with which we come into contact. In both senses, mechanoreceptors convert the deformation of tissues-skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or joints-into neural signals. Tactile and proprioceptive signals are then relayed by the peripheral nerves to the central nervous system, where they are processed to give rise to percepts of objects and of the state of our body. In this review, we first examine briefly the receptors that mediate touch and proprioception, their associated nerve fibers, and pathways they follow to the cerebral cortex. We then provide an overview of the different cortical areas that process tactile and proprioceptive information. Next, we discuss how various features of objects-their shape, motion, and texture, for example-are encoded in the various cortical fields, and the susceptibility of these neural codes to attention and other forms of higher-order modulation. Finally, we summarize recent efforts to restore the senses of touch and proprioception by electrically stimulating somatosensory cortex. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1575-1602, 2018.

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Separate Areas for Mirror Responses and Agency within the Parietal Operculum

Cited by 25 publications

References 49 publications

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Analyses Reveal Efference-Copy to Primary Somatosensory Area, BA2

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Analyses Reveal Efference-Copy to Primary Somatosensory Area, BA2

Dissociating Object Directed and Non-Object Directed Action in the Human Mirror System; Implications for Theories of Motor Simulation

Neural Basis of Touch and Proprioception in Primate Cortex

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