Separate influence of dietary carbohydrate and fibre on the metabolic control in diabetes

Abstract

To clarify the separate influences of digestible carbohydrate and of dietary fibre on blood glucose control and serum lipoproteins, 14 diabetic patients (six Type 1 and eight Type 2) were submitted to three weight-maintaining diets for 10 days each: (1) low carbohydrate/low fibre diet with 42% carbohydrate and 20 g fibre; (2) high carbohydrate/low fibre diet (carbohydrate 53%, fibre 16 g); (3) high carbohydrate/ high fibre diet (carbohydrate 53%, fibre 54 g). In comparison with the low carbohydrate/low fibre diet, the 2-h post-prandial blood glucose and the daily blood glucose profile decreased significantly on the high carbohydrate/high fibre diet, without significant changes during the high carbohydrate/low fibre diet. The diet-induced modifications of blood glucose control were similar in both types of diabetic patients (two-way analysis of variance: F = 5.86, p less than 0.02 for dietary treatment and F = 2.09, NS for type of diabetes). Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also decreased after the high carbohydrate/high fibre diet in comparison with the low carbohydrate/low fibre diet (p less than 0.001 for both), while they were not significantly modified after the high carbohydrate/low fibre diet. Again the modifications of low density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by diet were similar in both types of diabetic patients (F = 10.02, p less than 0.005 for dietary treatment and F = 0.14 for type of diabetes, NS). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower after the two test diets than after the low carbohydrate/low fibre diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dietary fibre and diabetes revisited

“…We were also able to show that it was possible to achieve beneficial effects with more acceptable amounts of dietary fibre than had been used in our earlier studies (Lousley et al, 1984). Other groups publishing at around the same time or shortly afterwards produced broadly comparable results (Rivellese et al, 1980;Riccardi et al, 1984). Those who were unable to duplicate these findings may have used foods which were not sufficiently rich in soluble fibre (Hollenbeck et al, 1988).…”

Ameliorating Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Woody Ear (Auricularia auricula-judae Quel.) in Genetically Diabetic KK-Ay Mice.

“…Daily consumption of a diet containing 20-35g dietary fiber from a wide variety of food sources is recommended (14). Several previous studies using dietary fiber levels of 45-50g/d showed little or no significant benefits to carbohydrate metabolism in patients with diabetes (16)(17)(18), and the greatest effects on carbohydrate metabolism have relied on dietary fiber levels from 70 to 100g/d (19)(20)(21), but these levels of dietary fiber intake may be impossible to achieve consistently in a large segment of the population (15). On the other hand, most of the previous studies on dietary fiber in diabetic patients or diabetic animals used single-type dietary fiber such as water-soluble dietary fiber or water-insoluble dietary fiber as a food admixture.…”

Effect of non-oil-seed pulses on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled experimental trials in people with and without diabetes

“…Of these reports, 226 were excluded based on other criteria, leaving 41 trials (39 reports) that satisfied the inclusion criteria but did not meet the exclusion criteria, of which 11 trials (ten reports) investigated pulses alone, 19 trials (19 reports) investigated pulses in a low-GI dietary intervention, and 11 trials (ten reports) investigated pulses in a high-fibre dietary intervention. Tables 1, 2, and 3 show the characteristics of the 41 randomised controlled experimental trials included in each of the three meta-analyses: pulses alone [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54], pulses in low-GI diets [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and pulses in highfibre diets [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. The 11 trials (ten reports) investigating pulses alone (Table 1) were predominantly crossover in design (seven trials, five of which had a washout period), studied a total of 253 participants (type 2 diabetes, n=21; normoglycaemia and/or hypercholesterolaemia, n=232) and had a mean sample size of 23.…”