Separating Multiple Processes in Implicit Social Cognition: The Quad Model of Implicit Task Performance.

Conrey, Frederica R.; Sherman, Jeffrey W.; Gawronski, Bertram; Hugenberg, Kurt; Groom, Carla J.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.469

Cited by 475 publications

(405 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…However, recent research has shown that implicit measures are not as process-pure as researchers have hoped (e.g., Sherman, 2006). In particular, even implicit measures are influenced by the motivation and the ability to control the impact of activated associations on open responses (Conrey, Sherman, Gawronski, Hugenberg, & Groom, 2005;Payne, 2001;Payne & Bishara, 2009;Sherman et al, 2008). For instance, restraining cognitive resources or using time pressure leads to higher scores on these measures, not because stereotypes are activated more strongly, but because people are less able to exhibit control (e.g., Conrey et al, 2005;Govorun & Payne, 2006).…”

Section: Measures Of Stereotype Activation and Stereotype Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, even implicit measures are influenced by the motivation and the ability to control the impact of activated associations on open responses (Conrey, Sherman, Gawronski, Hugenberg, & Groom, 2005;Payne, 2001;Payne & Bishara, 2009;Sherman et al, 2008). For instance, restraining cognitive resources or using time pressure leads to higher scores on these measures, not because stereotypes are activated more strongly, but because people are less able to exhibit control (e.g., Conrey et al, 2005;Govorun & Payne, 2006). Furthermore, participants high in the motivation to control prejudice show lower scores on implicit measures, partly due to the fact that they are more motivated and better able to exert control over stereotypic response tendencies (Gonsalkorale, Sherman, Allen, Klauer, & Amodio, 2011;Payne, 2005).…”

Section: Measures Of Stereotype Activation and Stereotype Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disentangling stereotype activation and stereotype application in the stereotype misperception task.

Krieglmeyer¹,

Sherman²

2012

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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155

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When forming impressions about other people, stereotypes about the individual's social group often influence the resulting impression. At least 2 distinguishable processes underlie stereotypic impression formation: stereotype activation and stereotype application. Most previous research has used implicit measures to assess stereotype activation and explicit measures to assess stereotype application, which has several disadvantages. The authors propose a measure of stereotypic impression formation, the stereotype misperception task (SMT), together with a multinomial model that quantitatively disentangles the contributions of stereotype activation and application to responses in the SMT. The validity of the SMT and of the multinomial model was confirmed in 5 studies. The authors hope to advance research on stereotyping by providing a measurement tool that separates multiple processes underlying impression formation.

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Section: Measures Of Stereotype Activation and Stereotype Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measures Of Stereotype Activation and Stereotype Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling stereotype activation and stereotype application in the stereotype misperception task.

Krieglmeyer¹,

Sherman²

2012

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Self Cite

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…First, we wanted to compare the predictive validity and reliability of the IAT and EPT. Although both measures are referred to as "implicit attitude measures," the underlying mechanisms that drive performance in these tasks are known to be quite different (see Conrey et al 2005;Klauer et al 2007;Spruyt et al 2007c). Unlike the EPT, for example, the IAT is sensitive to salience asymmetries (e.g., Rothermund and Wentura 2004), recoding processes (e.g., Rothermund et al 2009), and automatically activated extra-personal associations (Karpinski and Hilton 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Implicit attitudes towards smoking predict long-term relapse in abstinent smokers

et al. 2015

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Rationale It has previously been argued that implicit attitudes toward substance-related cues drive addictive behavior. Nevertheless, it remains an open question whether behavioral markers of implicit attitude activation can be used to predict long-term relapse. Objectives The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between implicit attitudes toward smokingrelated cues and long-term relapse in abstaining smokers. Methods Implicit attitudes toward smoking-related cues were assessed by means of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the evaluative priming task (EPT). Both measures were completed by a group of smokers who volunteered to quit smoking (patient group) and a group of nonsmokers (control group). Participants in the patient group completed these measures twice: once prior to smoking cessation and once after smoking cessation. Relapse was assessed by means of short telephone survey, 6 months after completion of the second test session.Results EPT scores obtained prior to smoking cessation were related to long-term relapse and correlated with self-reported nicotine dependence as well as daily cigarette consumption. In contrast, none of the behavioral outcome measures were found to correlate with the IAT scores. Conclusions These findings corroborate the idea that implicit attitudes toward substance-related cues are critically involved in long-term relapse. A potential explanation for the divergent findings obtained with the IAT and EPT is provided.

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“…The traditional index of automatically activated associations from the IAT (D-score) is influenced by cognitive processes in addition to automatic processes (Conrey et al, 2005). In prior work, we used the Quad Model, which is a multinomial processing tree model, to distinguish four cognitive processes that influence SC-IAT performance.…”

Section: Measures Single Category Implicit Association Test (Time 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prospective Joint Effects of Self-Regulation and Impulsive Processes on Early Adolescence Alcohol Use

O’Connor

Colder

2015

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Dual-process models propose that behavior is influenced by the interactive effect of impulsive (automatic) and selfregulatory (controlled) processes. Elaborations of this model posit that the effect of impulsive processes on alcohol use is influenced by capacity and motivation to self-regulate. The interactive effect of these three processes on drinking has not previously been tested. The goal of this study was to provide a developmental extension of this model to early adolescent alcohol use and to test the three-way interaction between impulsive processes (implicit alcohol cognition), self-regulatory capacity (inhibitory and activation control), and self-regulatory motivation (negative alcohol outcome expectancies [AOE]) in a 1-year prospective prediction of adolescent alcohol use. Method: Adolescents (N = 325; 54% girls, mean age = 13.6 years at baseline) completed the Single Category Implicit Association Test and self-reports of alcohol expectancies and use. Inhibitory and activation control were based on parental report. Results: Negative AOE and inhibitory/activation control were supported as moderators of the effect of implicit alcohol cognition on 1-year prospective alcohol use. As expected, weak implicit negative alcohol cognition was associated with elevated alcohol use when both negative AOE and inhibitory control were low. Contrary to hypothesis, when activation control was high, weak implicit negative alcohol cognition was unrelated to alcohol use if negative AOE were high (p = .72) (vs. low, p < .01). Activation control may reflect the ability to plan ahead and act pro-socially. Conclusions: Our study supports current theory suggesting alcohol use is influenced by a complex interplay of impulsive and self-regulatory processes. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 76, 884-894, 2015)

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Separating Multiple Processes in Implicit Social Cognition: The Quad Model of Implicit Task Performance.

Cited by 475 publications

References 65 publications

Disentangling stereotype activation and stereotype application in the stereotype misperception task.

Disentangling stereotype activation and stereotype application in the stereotype misperception task.

Implicit attitudes towards smoking predict long-term relapse in abstinent smokers

The Prospective Joint Effects of Self-Regulation and Impulsive Processes on Early Adolescence Alcohol Use

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