Separating the sex from the object: conceptualizing sexualization and (sexual) objectification in Flemish preteens’ popular television programs

Rousseau, Ann; Eggermont, Steven; Bels, Annebeth; Bulck, Hilde Van den

doi:10.1080/17482798.2018.1425888

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Using a 5‐point scale anchored by never at 1 and almost every day at 5, the respondents were asked to indicate how frequently they watched a list of television programs, geared specifically to early adolescents. The list of tween television programs was derived from a preliminary survey that was conducted to assess the type of media content most popular among our target group (Rousseau, Bels, Eggermont, & Van den Bulck, ). Based upon early adolescents' reported popularity and frequency ratings, and relying on recent studies pointing to the prevalence of sexualizing messages in tween‐targeted television (Gerding & Signorielli, ; Rousseau et al., ; Simpson et al., ), the following programs were included: Big Time Rush, Life with Boys, Jessie, Violetta and Shake It Up .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tween Television and Peers: Reinforcing Social Agents in Early Adolescents' Body Surveillance and Self‐Objectification

Rousseau

Eggermont

2017

J of Research on Adolesc

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Sociocultural models of body image posit that the media and peers play a role in early adolescents' body dissatisfaction. Introducing a sociocultural perspective on youth sexualization, the present three-wave panel study (N = 968, M = 11.30) sought to examine the role of tween television and peer appearance conversations in early adolescents' body surveillance and self-objectification over time. Special attention was given to the mediating role of media internalization in these relationships. The results showed evidence for a reciprocal interaction between media internalization and peer appearance conversations and identified this reciprocal interaction as the underlying mechanism linking tween television exposure to higher levels of body surveillance and self-objectification 1 year later. Implications for body image and media literacy programs are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tween Television and Peers: Reinforcing Social Agents in Early Adolescents' Body Surveillance and Self‐Objectification

Rousseau

Eggermont

2017

J of Research on Adolesc

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“…Although Rousseau et al (2018) provided a conceptual differentiation on objectifying and nonobjectifying sexual content, we also recognize that for some sexual acts, situational complexities determine whether they can be defined as neutral sexual depictions or objectifying depictions (Lerum & Dworkin, 2009). Feminist scholars have argued that depictions of sexual acts can be interpreted as women's expression of sexual agency as well as a disguised form of sexual objectification (Gill, 2003;Hansen, 2017;Lerum & Dworkin, 2009).…”

Section: Ambiguous Sexual Expressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Morgan et al (2012) included several aspects of both sexuality (i.e., sexual touch) and sexual objectification (i.e., provocative clothing) to define sexual imagery. Based on the recently established conceptual differentiation provided by Rousseau et al (2018) as well as on objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997), we distinguish between sexuality and sexual objectification. Moreover, we included an additional category: ambiguous sexual expression.…”

Section: Differentiating Sexuality and Sexual Objectification In Musi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key component of sexual objectification is the objectifying gaze. It is defined as the heterosexual, typically male visual inspection of the body or body parts, which renders the observed individual to a mere object of the spectator's desire (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997;Rousseau et al, 2018). In visual media, the objectifying gaze can be conveyed in several ways This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.…”

Section: Sexual Objectificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasingly sexy? Sexuality and sexual objectification in popular music videos, 1995–2016.

Karsay

Matthes

Buchsteiner

et al. 2019

Psychology of Popular Media Culture

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We conducted a longitudinal visual content analysis of 462 popular music videos from 1995 to 2016 analyzing the depictions of sexuality, sexual objectification, and ambiguous sexual expression. Our analysis paid attention to the gender and race of the musical artist in each video, as well as the video's music genre. Regression analyses revealed that depicted sexuality and sexual objectification did not change during the period studied. However, ambiguous sexual expression, including sexual gestures, sexual poses, and sexual facial expressions, did increase over time. Furthermore, female music artists were more often portrayed as sexually objectified than male artists. Male artists were more likely shown to objectify other individuals compared with female artists. Moreover, Black and non-White artists were more often shown presenting ambiguous sexual expression than White/Caucasian artists. No significant differences occurred when comparing music videos from the R&B/hip-hop/rap genres with music videos from the pop genre. Our findings are discussed in the light of objectification theory and social-cognitive theory leading to suggestions for future research. Public Policy Relevance StatementOur study shows that depictions of sexuality and sexual objectification continue to be a ubiquitous element of mainstream music culture. Moreover, depictions of ambiguous sexual expression increased over time. Overall, our findings suggest that today's music videos might increase selfobjectification, stereotypical gender role beliefs, and self-sexualizing behavior among adolescents and young adults.

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“…Whereas young women and girls gravitate toward women’s lifestyle magazines, a corollary for young men and boys is magazines in the sports genre. For example, in a recent survey of 217 preadolescent boys ( M age = 12.36), sports magazines were the most popular magazine genre; 29.5 percent of the boys reported reading these magazines on a weekly basis (Rousseau et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Sports Magazine Consumption on Mesomorphic Body Standards and Self-sexualizing Behaviors: A Panel Study of Preadolescent Boys

Rousseau

Aubrey

Eggermont

2018

Men and Masculinities

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The present three-wave panel study of 496 preadolescent boys ( Mage = 11.36, SD = 1.07) examined the impact of sports magazine consumption on mesomorphic body standards and self-sexualizing behaviors (e.g., drinking shakes in order to gain muscle mass, choosing clothing to show off muscles). Grounded in social cognitive theory, we also examined the moderating role of reward sensitivity. Results revealed that boys who consumed more sports magazines at wave 1 (W1) were more likely to report personal mesomorphic standards and perceived mesomorphic standards for men and boys in general at wave 2 (W2). Additionally, W2 personal mesomorphic standards mediated the relationship between sports magazine consumption at W1 and self-sexualizing behaviors at wave 3. Reward sensitivity moderated the relationship between personal mesomorphic standards and self-sexualizing behaviors.

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Separating the sex from the object: conceptualizing sexualization and (sexual) objectification in Flemish preteens’ popular television programs

Cited by 18 publications

References 53 publications

Tween Television and Peers: Reinforcing Social Agents in Early Adolescents' Body Surveillance and Self‐Objectification

Tween Television and Peers: Reinforcing Social Agents in Early Adolescents' Body Surveillance and Self‐Objectification

Increasingly sexy? Sexuality and sexual objectification in popular music videos, 1995–2016.

The Impact of Sports Magazine Consumption on Mesomorphic Body Standards and Self-sexualizing Behaviors: A Panel Study of Preadolescent Boys

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