Separation and characterization of biomacromolecules, bionanoparticles, and biomicroparticles using flow field-flow fractionation: Current applications and prospects

Flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multidetector: A robust approach for the separation and characterization of resistant starch

“…FlFFF, an important sub-technique of field-flow fractionation, was proposed by Giddings in 1976. FlFFF has the widest separation range and the best compatibility with various carrier liquids, supporting extensive applications to multi-sized analytes from diverse sources ( Wu et al, 2023 ). In this review, the theory and operation modes and the variant of FlFFF are reviewed.…”

A Progress Review On Characterization, Environmental Behaviors And Toxicity Effects Of Micro (Nano) Plastics Using Atomic Spectrometry

“…50 FFF is a chromatography like technique in which a force field perpendicular to the laminar flow direction is applied to particles in a narrow channel (100 -500 μm), which has no stationary phase and separates particles according to their sizes which have different retention time in the channel. 51,52 The classification of FFF can be distinguished according to the type of the driving force applied for separation which can be flow field, electric field, centrifugal field, thermal field, sedimentation field, and magnetic field. FFF can realize the separation of NPLs, and has been applied to the separation of MNPLs.…”