Separation and characterization of lignin compounds from the walnut (Juglans regia) shell oil using preparative TLC, GC–MS and 1H NMR

Mathias, Errol V.; Halkar, U. P.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2003.08.005

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There is a handful study that analyzed the potency of walnut seed skin as an antioxidant [67]. However, the research mostly extended on the identification of the bioactive compounds and their antioxidant activity in walnut seed [47,68,69,70], husk [22,71,72,73], shell [54,74,75,76], leaves [77,78,79] and shoot [80,81,82]. Even though it has already been demonstrated that individual walnut components have antioxidant potential and the scientific information on the antioxidant properties of walnut skin bioactive compounds is still rather scarce.…”

Section: Different Parts Of the Walnut Treementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree

et al. 2019

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As a valuable tree nut, walnut is a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family. The fruit is made up of an outer green shell cover or husk, the middle shell which must be cracked to release the kernel, a thin layer known as skin or the seed coat, and finally, the kernel or meat. The nutritional importance of walnut fruit is ascribed to its kernel. The shell and husk are burned as fuel or discarded away as waste products. In the past two decades, the evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of walnut has received great interest. In this contribution, the recent reports on the extraction and quantification of phenolic content from each part of the walnut tree and fruit using different solvents were highlighted and comparatively reviewed. The current review paper also tries to describe the antioxidant content of phenolic extracts obtained from different parts of the walnut tree and fruit. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiradical activities of the prepared extracts have also been discussed.

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Section: Different Parts Of the Walnut Treementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree

et al. 2019

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“… 19,43 Even though the nutritional and commercial relevance of the walnut has to date been limited to its kernel, growing attention has been paid to the other parts of this fruit, including its skin, shell, and husk, and even the leaves or branches of the tree. 44–51 Different properties of walnut fruit by-products, as valuable sources of bioactive compounds, have not been investigated comprehensively, and this causes the continuation of traditional uses for walnut waste products that nowadays are mostly discarded as waste material or burnt for heating applications. 20 This objective has encouraged scientists to investigate the biological activity and functional properties of walnut fruit waste products in order to make better use of them.…”

Section: Walnut Fruit By-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 59 In fact, most of it is discarded as waste material or used as fuel for burning applications. 44 But this causes pollution of the environment, and it also has a low utility value. Therefore, it is necessary to find other, better uses for walnut shells.…”

Section: Walnut Shellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walnut (Juglans regiaL.) shell pyroligneous acid: chemical constituents and functional applications

Jahanban-Esfahlan

Amarowicz

2018

RSC Adv.

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Upon the processing of different agricultural products, considerable amounts of by-products and biowastes are produced and discarded or burnt as fuel, which are a potential source of valuable compounds. Over the past several decades, plant by-products have been recognized as a source of nutraceutical components, including dietary fibers, phenolics, and many other useful compounds. The walnut is known as an important tree nut. The shell of a walnut is the middle part of the fruit and it is a waste product of walnut processing industries. Recently, pyroligneous acids from the walnut shell have been receiving much-increasing interest because of their excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Hence, this review deals with the recent scientific literature on walnut shell pyroligneous acids and their chemical composition as well as their functional applications.a Collected at three temperature ranges by GC-MS. b Collected at seven temperature ranges by GC-MS. c 5% NaHCO 3 extract (OA 5 ) and 4% NaOH extract (P 3 ).This journal is a Collected at three temperature ranges by GC-MS. b Collected at seven temperature ranges by GC-MS. c 5% NaHCO 3 extract (OA 5 ) and 4% NaOH extract (P 3 ). Fig. 2 The chemical structures of organic acids identified in walnut shell pyroligneous acids.This journal is a Collected at three temperature ranges by GC-MS. b Collected at seven temperature ranges by GC-MS. c 5% NaHCO 3 extract (OA 5 ) and 4% NaOH extract (P 3 ).22382 | RSC Adv., 2018,8,[22376][22377][22378][22379][22380][22381][22382][22383][22384][22385][22386][22387][22388][22389][22390][22391] This journal is a Collected at three temperature ranges by GC-MS. b Collected at seven temperature ranges by GC-MS. c 5% NaHCO 3 extract (OA 5 ) and 4% NaOH extract (P 3 ).

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“…After 2D-HSQC NMR analysis, the lignin solution was diluted for 1 H NMR analysis, and the corresponding spectrum is given in Figure S4 (SI). The chemical shifts (δ H , ppm) and assignments are listed in Table S3 (SI). , As shown in Figure S4 (SI), the peaks between 7.48 and 6.26 ppm were attributed to aromatic H, and the peaks in the regions of 6.3–4.0 ppm were associated with aliphatic protons in the structure of β-O-4, β–β, and β-1 linkages in lignin . The peak signal at 6.26 ppm was assigned to aromatic protons in syringyl propane (S), the signal at 6.79 ppm was attributed to aromatic protons in guaiacyl units (G), and the signal at 7.48 ppm belonged to aromatic protons in p -hydroxyphenyl units (H). ,, As shown in Figure S4 (SI), the peak signal at 6.79 was clearly stronger than the peaks at 6.26 and 7.48 ppm, indicating that the samples had a higher content of G-lignin compared to S-lignin and H-lignin, which was accordance with 2D-HSQC NMR results [Figure c and Table S2 (SI)].…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficient Conversion of Corn Husk Filament and Corn Husk Powder to Valuable Materials via a Sustainable and Clean Biorefinery Process

Liu³

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Corn husk is usually burned and discarded, resulting in environment pollution and a waste of resources. To make better use of corn husk, in this work, corn husk filament (CHF) and corn husk powder (CHP) were first separated and then the comparative evaluation of efficient conversion of CHF and CHP to valuable materials was carried out via a sustainable route [i.e., one-step formic acid (FA) hydrolysis]. After FA fractionation, over 90% hemicellulose could be removed (mainly converted to xylose), about 80% lignin with high purity could be isolated, and the fractionated cellulose solid residue was used to fabricate cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and functional cellulose nanopaper (CNP). Results showed that, compared to CHP, the CHF with lower density, longer fibers, and higher crystallinity could be easier to hydrolyze, and the resulting CNFs had a smaller diameter and higher crystallinity, leading the final CNP to have better mechanical properties. The maximum tensile strength and toughness of the resultant CNP reached up to 177.0 ± 6.1 MPa and 13.3 ± 1.7 MJ·m–3, respectively. Also, the CNP with high crystallinity and great thermal stability exhibited excellent water resistance and good barrier properties. Thus, the present work provides a sustainable and new route to make full use of corn husk through the production of xylose, high-purity lignin, and functional CNP.

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Separation and characterization of lignin compounds from the walnut (Juglans regia) shell oil using preparative TLC, GC–MS and 1H NMR

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree

A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree

Walnut (Juglans regiaL.) shell pyroligneous acid: chemical constituents and functional applications

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficient Conversion of Corn Husk Filament and Corn Husk Powder to Valuable Materials via a Sustainable and Clean Biorefinery Process

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