Separation and determination of liposomal and non-liposomal daunorubicin from the plasma of patients treated with Daunoxome

Quantitative liquid chromatographic analysis of anthracyclines in biological fluids

“…In an attempt to overcome their toxicity or drug resistance, prodrugs and special pharmaceutical formulations have been developed. Since these changes often require a different analytical approach, the interested reader is referred to the individual methods regarding the analysis of peptide-conjugated [29][30][31] or polymer-bound [32] prodrugs and micellar [33], pegylated liposomal [33][34][35], liposomal [36,37] or embolizing [38][39][40] formulations. Here we present an overview of 35 original methods published since 1990 for the determination of doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin and metabolites in biological fluids.…”

Direct, simultaneous measurement of liposome-encapsulated and released drugs in plasma by on-line SPE–SPE–HPLC

“…The PK properties of these drugs have been intensively investigated. Most investigations deal with the total concentrations of encapsulated and released DXR [10][11][12], daunorubicin [13], or amphotericin B in plasma samples [14][15][16]. However, the processes involved in the delivery of these carriers and the release of the active agent, the variability of such processes, and the degree to which the active agent is released into the extracellular fluids surrounding tumor cells are still unknown [17].…”

“…However, most of these separation methods have limitations, which include difficulty in separating the large liposomes by ultracentrifugation, drug adsorption to ultrafiltration devices, high sample dilution during gel chromatography, and potential drug release from the liposomes during sample preparation using reversed phase SPE [24]. Furthermore, these methods require large volumes of the plasma sample (∼100 L), and combined with complex sample pretreatment, they cause physicochemical changes that may result in drug release from the liposomes during sample preparation [13,20].…”

Captação pelo carcinoma de mama e pelo linfonodo axilar de uma nanoemulsão lipídica administrada por injeção no tecido mamário locorregional

“…O excesso de colesterol intracelular ativa a ação da enzima acil-Co-A-colesterolaciltransferase (ACAT) que esterifica o colesterol que é estocado na forma de gotículas (Erickson & Cooper, 1980 (Villman et al, 2007), câncer de mama (Rudling et al, 1986), câncer de bexiga (Ueyama et al, 1990), glioma (Rudling et al, 1983), e em linhagens celulares de glioblastomas (Bellott et al, 2001;Maletinska et al, 2000) e de câncer gástrico (Tokui et al, 1995). Portanto, a superexpressão dos rLDL é um fenômeno de ampla ocorrência nas neoplasias (Budd & Ginsberg, 1986;Henriksson et al, 1989).…”